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a, \(5x^2-10xy+5y^2=5\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)=5.\left(x-y\right)^2\)
b, \(x^2-4x+4-y^2=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-y^2=\left(x-2\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(x-2-y\right)\left(x-2+y\right)\)
c, \(3x^2-2x-5=3x^2-5x+3x-5=x\left(3x-5\right)+3x-5\)
\(=\left(3x-5\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
1, \(x^2+2x-3=x^2+3x-x-3=x\left(x-1\right)+3\left(x-1\right)=\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
2, \(x^2+3x-10=x^2+5x-2x-10=x\left(x-2\right)+5\left(x-2\right)=\left(x+5\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
3, \(x^2-x-12=x^2-4x+3x-12=x\left(x+3\right)-4\left(x+3\right)=\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
4, \(3x^2+4x-7=3x^2+7x-3x-7=3x\left(x-1\right)+7\left(x-1\right)=\left(3x+7\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
5, \(4x^2-9y^2-5xy=4x^2-9xy+4xy-9y^2\)
\(=4x\left(x+y\right)-9y\left(x+y\right)=\left(4x-9y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
6, \(x^2-2x-4y^2-4y=x^2-2x+1-4y^2-4y-1=\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-1-2y-1\right)\left(x-1+2y+1\right)=\left(x-2y-2\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)
a) \(\left(x+3\right)^2-\left(x-4\right)\left(x+8\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+6x+9\right)-\left(x^2+4x-32\right)-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=-40\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-20\)
b) \(\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)-x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+27-x^3+4x=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x=-12\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-3\)
c) \(\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(x+3\right)^2-4\left(x+1\right)=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(x^2+6x+9\right)-\left(4x+4\right)=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-14x=14\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-1\)
d) \(\left(2x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)-\left(x-1\right)^2-3x\left(x-5\right)=-44\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-9-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(3x^2-15x\right)=-44\)
\(\Leftrightarrow17x=-34\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-2\)
e) \(\left(x-2\right)^3-\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)+6\left(x+1\right)^2=49\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-6x^2+12x-8-x^3+27+6x^2+12x+6=49\)
\(\Leftrightarrow24x=24\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1\)
Bài 9:
a) Ta có: \(A=\left(2x+y\right)^2-\left(2x+y\right)\left(2x-y\right)+y\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=4x^2+4xy+y^2-4x^2+y^2-xy-y^2\)
\(=3xy-y^2\)
\(=3\cdot\left(-2\right)\cdot3-3^2=-18-9=-27\)
b) Ta có: \(B=\left(a-3b\right)^2-\left(a+3b\right)^2-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-2\right)\)
\(=a^2-6ab+9b^2-a^2-6ab-9b^2-ab+2a+b-2\)
\(=-13ab+2a+b-2\)
\(=-13\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(-3\right)+2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(-3\right)-2\)
\(=\dfrac{31}{2}\)
Bài 7:
a) \(498^2=\left(500-2\right)^2=250000-2000+4=248004\)
b) \(93\cdot107=100^2-7^2=10000-49=9951\)
c) \(163^2+74\cdot163+37^2=\left(163+37\right)^2=200^2=40000\)
d) \(1995^2-1994\cdot1996=1995^2-1995^2+1=1\)
e) \(9^8\cdot2^8-\left(18^4-1\right)\left(18^4+1\right)\)
\(=18^8-18^8+1=1\)
f) \(125^2-2\cdot125\cdot25+25^2=\left(125-25\right)^2=100^2=10000\)
h, \(27x^3-8=\left(3x-2\right)\left(9x^2+6x+4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(27x^3-8\right):\left(3x-2\right)\\ =\left(3x-2\right)\left(9x^2+6x+4\right):\left(3x-2\right)\\ =9x^2+6x+4\)
g, \(x^4-2x^2+1=\left(x^2-1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^4-2x^2+1\right):\left(1-x^2\right)\\ =\left(x^2-1\right)^2:\left(1-x^2\right)\\ =x^2-1\)
a, \(3x\left(3x+1\right)-\left(x-2\right)^2\)
\(=9x^2+3x-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\)
\(=9x^2+3x-x^2+4x-4\)
\(=8x^2+7x-4\)
b, \(2004^2-16=4016000\)
c, \(\left(x^3+4x^2-x-4\right):\left(x+4\right)\)
\(=\left[x^2.\left(x+4\right)-\left(x+4\right)\right]:\left(x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x+4\right)\left(x^2-1\right):\left(x+4\right)\)
\(=x^2-1\)