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\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=16\cdot75\%=12\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{12}{160}=0.075\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=16\cdot25\%=4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Cu+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=3\cdot0.075+0.05=0.275\left(mol\right)\)
a,\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=16.75\%=12\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{12}{160}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=16-12=4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 → 2Fe + 3H2O
Mol: 0,075 0,225 0,15
PTHH: CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,05 0,05 0,05
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=0,05.64=3,2\left(g\right)\)
b,\(n_{H_2}=0,225+0,05=0,275\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{3,2}{160}=0,02mol\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1mol\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,02 0,06 0,04 ( mol )
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,1 0,1 0,1 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=0,04.56=2,24g\)
\(m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4g\)
\(n_{H_2}=0,06+0,1=0,16mol\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{3,2}{160}=0,02mol\)
\(m_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1mol\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,02\cdot2\cdot56=2,24g\)
\(m_{Cu}=0,1\cdot64=6,4g\)
\(\Sigma n_{H_2}=0,02\cdot3+0,1=0,16mol\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=3,584l\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=x\\n_{Fe}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol ) \(\Rightarrow n_{hh}=64x+56y=26,4\left(g\right)\) (1)
mà \(64x=1,2.56y\) (2)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,225\\y=\dfrac{3}{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,225 0,225 ( mol )
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(\dfrac{9}{28}\) \(\dfrac{3}{14}\) ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=22,4.\left(0,225+\dfrac{9}{28}\right)=12,24\left(l\right)\)
\(Tacó:m_{Fe_2O_3}:m_{CuO}=3:2\\ m_{Fe_2O_3}+m_{CuO}=40\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=24\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=16\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Fe_2O_3+3H_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\left(1\right)\\ CuO+H_2O-^{t^o}\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\left(2\right)\\TheoPT\left(1\right): n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=16,8\left(g\right)\\TheoPT\left(2\right): n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
Sau phản ứng, muối gồm : Fe,Cu,Cl(x mol)
n H = n HCl = n Cl = x(mol)
Bản chất phản ứng là H trong axit tác dụng với O trong oxi tạo thành nước : $2H + O \to H_2O$
=> n O = 1/2 n H = 0,5x(mol)
Hỗn hợp ban đầu gồm : Fe,Cu,O(0,5x mol)
Suy ra :
40,4 -22,8 = 35,5x -16.0,5x
=> x = 0,64
Suy ra :
n Cl = 0,64(mol)
n O = 0,64/2 = 0,32(mol)
\(a.\)
\(m_{hh}=0.12\cdot90+0.15\cdot58=19.5\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(V_{hh}=\left(0.25+0.1+0.05\right)\cdot22.4=8.96\left(l\right)\)
\(c.\)
\(n_A=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)
\(M_A=23\cdot2=46\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(m_A=0.45\cdot46=20.7\left(g\right)\)
\(d.\)
\(n_{hh}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì CO2 : O2 = 2 : 1
\(\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0.2\left(mol\right),n_{O_2}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=0.2\cdot44+0.1\cdot32=12\left(g\right)\)
\(\overline{M}=\dfrac{12}{0.3}=40\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
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