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Câu hỏi của Vũ Sơn Tùng - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
+ \(\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2=4\Rightarrow x+y+z+2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=1\)
+ \(x+1=x+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)+\sqrt{z}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)\)
+ Tương tự : \(y+1=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\); \(z+1=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\)
+ \(P=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}\right)^2}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)+\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)+\sqrt{z}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)=2\)
Bài 1 :
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :
\(\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{z}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}\frac{z}{4}}=\left|x-1\right|=1-x\)
\(\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{x}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}\frac{x}{4}}=\left|y-1\right|=1-y\)
\(\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}\frac{y}{4}}=\left|z-1\right|=1-z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{z}{4}+\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{x}{4}+\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\ge1-x+1-y+1-z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}\ge3-\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{x+y+z}{4}=3-2-\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(A=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\frac{x}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{z}\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\right)}+\)\(\frac{z}{\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{y}\right)}\)
\(=-\frac{x}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)}-\frac{y}{\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}\)\(-\frac{z}{\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-x\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)-y\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)-z\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-x\sqrt{y}+x\sqrt{z}-y\sqrt{z}+y\sqrt{x}-z\sqrt{x}+z\sqrt{y}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)+\sqrt{z}\left(x-y\right)-z\left(\sqrt{x}-y\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{z}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)-z}{\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{yz}-z}{\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)-\sqrt{z}\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
Thay \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=1\) ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+x=\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+x=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)\\1+y=\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}\right)\\1+z=\left(\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1+x}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{1+y}+\frac{\sqrt{z}}{1+z}\right)\)
\(P=\sum\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)=2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\right)=2\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a\) , \(\sqrt{y}=b\) , \(\sqrt{z}=c\)
Suy ra \(P=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=-\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Xét tử : \(a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)=a^2\left[-\left(a-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(b^2-a^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a-a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\)
Suy ra \(P=-\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=1\)