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Dễ dàng chứng minh được:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)với \(x,y>0\)(1)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y>0\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{a}{abc+bc}=\frac{a}{ab+bc+ca+bc}=\frac{a}{\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)}\)
Áp dụng (1), ta được:
\(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\ge\frac{4}{\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{4\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{1}{4\left(bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{1}{ab+bc+bc+ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{a}{ab+bc+bc+ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}\left(2\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c>0\)
Chúng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\frac{b}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+ca}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{b}{ca\left(b+1\right)}\left(3\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảu ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c>0\).
\(\frac{c}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ac+ab}+\frac{1}{ab+bc}\right)\ge\frac{c}{ab\left(c+1\right)}\left(4\right)\)
Từ (2), (3) và (4), ta được:
\(\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{b}{ca\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{c}{ab\left(c+1\right)}\le\)\(\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ac}\right)+\frac{b}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ac+bc}+\frac{1}{ac+ab}\right)\)\(+\frac{c}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{ab+ac}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{a}{ab+bc}+\frac{c}{ab+bc}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{bc+ac}+\frac{b}{bc+ac}\right)\)\(+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{ab+ac}+\frac{c}{ab+ac}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{a+c}{4\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4\left(bc+ac\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4\left(ab+ac\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{a+c}{4b\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4a\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}.\frac{abc}{abc}=\frac{1}{4}.1=\frac{1}{4}\)( vì \(ab+bc+ca=abc\))
Dấu bằng xảy ra
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c>0\\ab+bc+ca=abc\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)
Vậy \(minP=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)
Ta có: \(a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\\c^2+1=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)
Mặt khác: \(a+b+c-abc=a\left(1-bc\right)+b+c\)
\(=a\left(ab+ca\right)+b+c\) (Vì ab+bc+ca=1)
\(=\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\) (Vì \(a^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\))
\(T=1\)
Lời giải:
Vì $abc=1$ nên:
\((a+bc)(b+ac)(c+ab)=a(a+bc)b(b+ac)c(c+ab)=(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((a^2+1)(1+b^2)\geq (a+b)^2; (a^2+1)(1+c^2)\geq (a+c)^2; (b^2+1)(1+c^2)\geq (b+c)^2\)
Nhân theo vế và thu gọn:
\(\Rightarrow (a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)\geq (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)
Lại có: Theo BĐT AM-GM thì:
\((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)-abc\)
\(\geq (ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)-\frac{(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{9}=\frac{8(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{9}(*)\) (đây là BĐT khá quen thuộc rồi)
Do đó:
\(P=\frac{(a+bc)(b+ca)(c+ab)}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}=\frac{(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\geq \frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(P\geq \frac{7(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}+\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT (*) và AM-GM:
\(\frac{7(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}\geq 7.\frac{\frac{8}{9}(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}=\frac{7}{9}(a+b+c)\geq \frac{7}{9}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}=\frac{7}{3}\)
\(\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)}}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{\frac{8}{9}(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{8(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{7}{3}+\frac{2}{3}=3\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=3$
\(\left(a+bc\right)\left(b+ca\right)\left(c+ab\right)\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+1+1\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+1+1+1-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left(a+bc\right)\left(b+ca\right)\left(c+ab\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac-1=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-1\)\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> ...
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)( BĐT quen thuộc tự c/m)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}-\frac{1}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)\(=3+\frac{a+b+c-3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(abc=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{abc}=1\le\frac{a+b+c}{3}\left(AM-GM\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> ...
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3+\frac{a+b+c-3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
KL:...........
Ta có: \(a+b+c=1\Leftrightarrow a^2+ab+ca=a\)
Thay vào ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+ab+ca+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng Cauchy ngược: \(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+ab+ca+bc}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta CM được: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}}\le\frac{\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\)
Cộng vế 3 BĐT trên ta được:
\(P\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b+a}+\frac{b}{a+b}\right)}{2}\)
\(=\frac{1+1+1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(Max_P=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có :
\(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab=ac+ac+c^2+ab=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Tương tự : \(a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right);c+ab=\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy :
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế :
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+c}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.3=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
M=1 khi và chỉ khi abc=1
Áp dụng giả thiết từ đề bài :
\(M=\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{1}{b+1+bc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{1+bc+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{1+b+bc}{b+1+bc}=1\)
Vậy M = 1