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Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\left|3y-1\right|\ge0\forall y\)
\(\left|z+2\right|\ge0\forall z\)
Do đó: \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left|3y-1\right|+\left|z+2\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(1;\dfrac{1}{3};-2\right)\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\frac{y+z+1}{x}=\frac{x+z+2019}{y}=\frac{x+y-2020}{z}=\frac{y+z+1+x+z+2019+x+y-2020}{x+y+z}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow2=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
+) \(\frac{y+z+1}{x}=2\)\(\Rightarrow y+z+1=2x\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+1=3x\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}+1=3x\)\(\Rightarrow3x=\frac{3}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
+) \(\frac{x+z+2019}{y}=2\)\(\Rightarrow x+z+2019=2y\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+2019=3y\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}+2019=3y\)\(\Rightarrow3y=\frac{4039}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow y=\frac{4039}{6}\)
+) \(\frac{x+y-2020}{z}=2\)\(\Rightarrow x+y-2020=2z\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z-2020=3z\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}-2020=3z\)\(\Rightarrow3z=\frac{-4039}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow z=\frac{-4039}{6}\)
Lại có: \(A=2016x+y^{2017}+z^{2017}=2016.\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{4039}{6}\right)^{2017}+\left(\frac{-4039}{6}\right)^{2017}=4032+\left(\frac{4039}{6}\right)^{2017}-\left(\frac{4039}{6}\right)^{2017}=4032\)
Ta có \(2x+y-xy=5\Leftrightarrow xy-2x-y+5=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(y-2\right)-\left(y-2\right)+3=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-2\right)=-3\).
Ta có bảng:
| x - 1 | 1 | 3 | -1 | -3 |
| y - 2 | -3 | -1 | 3 | 1 |
| x | 2 | 4 | 0 | -2 |
| y | -1 | 1 | 5 | 3 |
Ta có:
\(\frac{xy}{x+y}=\frac{yz}{y+z}=\frac{zx}{z+x}\rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{y+z}{yz}=\frac{z+x}{zx}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}=\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{z}\Rightarrow x=y=z\)
Thay tất cả giá trị x,y,z vào M ta được:
\(M=\frac{2020x^3+2020y^3+2020z^3}{x^3+y^3+z^3}+\frac{2021x^5+2021y^5}{x^5+y^5}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{2020\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)}{x^3+y^3+z^3}+\frac{2021\left(x^5+y^5\right)}{x^5+y^5}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=2020+2021=4041\)