đốt cháy 81 gam nhoomtrong 112 lít ôxi thu dược nhôm ô xít hỏi:
a,chất nào có dư,dư bao nhiêu
b,tính khối lượng nhôm ô xít tạo thành
giúp mình với,đang cần gấp
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\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{12,8}{32}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4Al+3O_2-^{t^o}>2Al_2O_3\)
tỉ lệ: 4 : 3 : 2
n(mol) 0,2 0,4
m(mol p/u) 0,2-->0,15---->0,1
\(\dfrac{n_{Al}}{4}< \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{3}\left(\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\right)\)
`=>` `Al` hết , `O_2` dư
`=>` tính theo `Al`
\(n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,15=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=n\cdot M=0,25\cdot32=8\left(g\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot\left(27\cdot2+16\cdot3\right)=10,2\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\) => Al dư, O2 hết
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,4<--0,3------->0,2
mAl(dư) = 13,5 - 0,4.27 = 2,7 (g)
b) mAl2O3 = 0,2.102 = 20,4 (g)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\
n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,5}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)
=> Al dư
\(n_{Al\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{4}{3}n_{O_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
m_{Al\left(d\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).27=2,7g\\
n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\
m_{Al_2O_3}=0,25.102=25,5g\)
nAl=0,5mol
nO2=0,3mol
PTHH: 4Al+3O2=>2Al2O3
0,5mol:0,3mol
ta thấy nAl dư theo nO2
p/ư: 0,4mol<-0,3mol->0,2mol
=> số gam chất phản ứng dư:27.(0.5-0.4)=2.7g
b) mAl2O3=0,2.102=20,2g
4Al + 3O2 ----t0--> 2Al2O3
4mol 3mol 2 mol
nAl = 13,5/ 27 = 0,5 mol
nO2 = 6,72 / 22,4 = 0,3 mol
Tỉ lệ : \(\frac{0,5}{4}\) > \(\frac{0,3}{3}\)
--> nAl dư nên kê mol các chất còn lại theo n O2
4Al + 3O2 ----to---> 2Al2O3
4mol 3mol 2mol
0,4mol 0,3mol 0,2 mol
Al là chất còn dư
nAl dư = nban đầu - nphản ứng = 0,5-0,4 = 0,1 mol
mAl dư = ndư * M = 0,1 * 27 = 2,7 g
b. m Al2O3= n*M = 0,3* 102= 20,4 g
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{18.96}{158}=0.12\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^0}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(0.12...........................................0.06\)
\(V_{O_2}=0.06\cdot22.4=1.344\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2Al_2O_3\)
\(0.08.....0.06.......0.04\)
\(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.2-0.08\right)\cdot27=3.24\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0.04\cdot102=4.08\left(g\right)\)
Sửa đề: 6,75 (l) → 6,72 (l)
a, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{1}\), ta được Al dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{3}n_{O_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)
a.b.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Xét: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}\) < \(\dfrac{0,4}{3}\) ( mol )
0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3 ( mol )
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,4-0,3\right).98=9,8g\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2g\)
c.\(2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\)
0,3 0,15 ( mol )
\(V_{kk}=V_{O_2}.5=\left(0,15.22,4\right).5=16,8l\)
PTHH: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,1\cdot232=23,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\)1.
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Al_2O_3\)
\(0.8........0.6..........0.4\)
\(m_{Al}=0.8\cdot27=21.6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0.4\cdot102=40.8\left(g\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(1.2..................................................0.6\)
\(m_{KMnO_4}=1.2\cdot158=189.6\left(g\right)\)
2.
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{28}{22.4}=1.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2P_2O_5\)
\(1......1.25........0.5\)
\(m_P=1\cdot31=31\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{P_2O_5}=0.5\cdot142=71\left(g\right)\)
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(\dfrac{5}{6}................1.25\)
\(m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot122.5=102.083\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\)
\(b,Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{4}< \dfrac{0,2}{3}\Rightarrow O_2dư\\ c,n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{n_{Al}}{2}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=0,05.102=5,1\left(g\right)\\ d,n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,2-\dfrac{3}{4}.0,1\right)=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=32.0,125=4\left(g\right)\)
trong 112 l O2 hay là 11,2 hay 1,12 l?