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a) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}{\sin ^4}\alpha - {\cos ^4}\alpha = 1 - 2{\cos ^2}\alpha \\ \Leftrightarrow \left( {{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha } \right)\left( {{{\sin }^2}\alpha - {{\cos }^2}\alpha } \right) = 1 - 2{\cos ^2}\alpha \\ \Leftrightarrow {\sin ^2}\alpha - {\cos ^2}\alpha - 1 + 2{\cos ^2}\alpha = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow {\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha - 1 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 1 - 1 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 0 = 0\end{array}\)
Đẳng thức luôn đúng
b) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\tan \alpha + \cot \alpha = \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }}\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }} + \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }} = \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }}\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{\cos \alpha .\sin \alpha }} = \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }}\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }} = \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }}\end{array}\)
Đẳng thức luôn đúng
a)
Trên nửa đường tròn đơn vị, lấy điểm M sao cho \(\widehat {xOM} = \alpha \)
Gọi H, K lần lượt là các hình chiếu vuông góc của M trên Ox, Oy.
Ta có: tam giác vuông OHM vuông tại H và \(\alpha = \widehat {xOM}\)
Do đó: \(\sin \alpha = \frac{{MH}}{{OM}} = MH;\;\cos \alpha = \frac{{OH}}{{OM}} = OH.\)
\( \Rightarrow {\cos ^2}\alpha + {\sin ^2}\alpha = O{H^2} + M{H^2} = O{M^2} = 1\)
b) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\;\tan \alpha = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }};\;\cot \alpha = \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }}.\\ \Rightarrow \;\tan \alpha .\cot \alpha = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }}.\frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }} = 1\end{array}\)
c) Với \(\alpha \ne {90^o}\) ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\;\tan \alpha = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }};\;\\ \Rightarrow \;1 + {\tan ^2}\alpha = 1 + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{1}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}\;\end{array}\)
d) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\cot \alpha = \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }};\;\\ \Rightarrow \;1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha = 1 + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{1}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}\;\end{array}\)
\(1+tan^2a=1+\frac{sin^2a}{cos^2a}=\frac{cos^2a+sin^2a}{cos^2a}=\frac{1}{cos^2a}\)
\(1+cot^2a=1+\frac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}=\frac{sin^2a+cos^2a}{sin^2a}=\frac{1}{sin^2a}\)
\(cot^2a-cos^2a=\frac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}-cos^2a=cos^2a\left(\frac{1}{sin^2a}-1\right)=cos^2a\left(\frac{1-sin^2a}{sin^2a}\right)\)
\(=cos^2a.\frac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}=cos^2a.cot^2a\)
Câu cuối đề bài sai
\(1+tan^2a=1+\frac{sin^2a}{cos^2a}=\frac{cos^2a+sin^2a}{cos^2a}=\frac{1}{cos^2a}\)
\(1+cot^2a=1+\frac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}=\frac{sin^2a+cos^2a}{sin^2a}=\frac{1}{sin^2a}\)
\(cot^2a-cos^2a=\frac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}-cos^2a=cos^2a\left(\frac{1}{sin^2a}-1\right)=cos^2a\left(\frac{1-sin^2a}{sin^2a}\right)\)
\(=cos^2a\left(\frac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}\right)=cos^2a.cot^2a\)
\(\frac{1+cosa}{sina}=\frac{sina\left(1+cosa\right)}{sin^2a}=\frac{sina\left(1+cosa\right)}{1-cos^2a}=\frac{sina\left(1+cosa\right)}{\left(1-cosa\right)\left(1+cosa\right)}=\frac{sina}{1-cosa}\)
a) \(\frac{1-\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha}=\frac{\sin\alpha}{1+\cos a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-\cos\alpha\right)\left(1+\cos\alpha\right)=\sin^2\alpha\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\cos^2\alpha=\sin^2\alpha\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sin^2\alpha+\cos^2\alpha=1\)( luôn đúng )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1-\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha}=\frac{\sin\alpha}{1+\cos\alpha}\)
a) \({\cos ^2}\alpha + {\sin ^2}\alpha = 1\)
b) \(\tan \alpha .\cot \alpha = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }}.\frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }} = 1\)
c) \(\frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = {\tan ^2}\alpha + 1\)
d) \(\frac{1}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = 1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha \)
\(a,\dfrac{1}{tan\alpha+1}+\dfrac{1}{cot\alpha+1}\\ =\dfrac{cot\alpha+1+tan\alpha+1}{\left(tan\alpha+1\right)\left(cot\alpha+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{tan\alpha+cot\alpha+2}{tan\alpha\cdot cot\alpha+tan\alpha+cot\alpha+1}\\ =\dfrac{tan\alpha+cot\alpha+2}{tan\alpha+cot\alpha+2}\\ =1\)
\(b,cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)-sin\left(\pi+\alpha\right)\\ =sin\alpha+sin\alpha\\ =2sin\alpha\)
\(c,sin\left(\alpha-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)+cos\left(-\alpha+6\pi\right)-tan\left(\alpha+\pi\right)cot\left(3\pi-\alpha\right)\\ =-sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)+cos\left(\alpha\right)-tan\left(\alpha\right)cot\left(\pi-\alpha\right)\\ =-cos\left(\alpha\right)+cos\left(\alpha\right)+tan\left(\alpha\right)\cdot cot\left(\alpha\right)\\ =1\)
\(a=\left(\frac{sina+\frac{sina}{cosa}}{cosa+1}\right)^2+1=\left(\frac{sina\left(cosa+1\right)}{cosa\left(cosa+1\right)}\right)^2+1\)
\(=tan^2a+1=\frac{1}{cos^2a}\)
\(b=\frac{sina}{cosa}\left(\frac{1+cos^2a-sin^2a}{sina}\right)=\frac{sina}{cosa}\left(\frac{2cos^2a}{sina}\right)=2cosa\)
\(c=1-\frac{cos^2a}{cot^2a}+\frac{sina.cosa}{\frac{cosa}{sina}}=1-cos^2a.\frac{sin^2a}{cos^2a}+\frac{sin^2a.cosa}{cosa}\)
\(=1-sin^2a+sin^2a=1\)
Tham khảo:
a)
Gọi M(x;y) là điểm trên đường tròn đơn vị sao cho \(\widehat {xOM} = \alpha \). Gọi N, P tương ứng là hình chiếu vuông góc của M lên các trục Ox, Oy.
Ta có: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x = \cos \alpha \\y = \sin \alpha \end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{\cos ^2}\alpha = {x^2}\\{\sin ^2}\alpha = {y^2}\end{array} \right.\)(1)
Mà \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left| x \right| = ON\\\left| y \right| = OP = MN\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{x^2} = {\left| x \right|^2} = O{N^2}\\{y^2} = {\left| y \right|^2} = M{N^2}\end{array} \right.\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \({\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = O{N^2} + M{N^2} = O{M^2}\) (do \(\Delta OMN\) vuông tại N)
\( \Rightarrow {\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = 1\) (vì OM =1). (đpcm)
b)
Ta có: \(\tan \alpha = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }}\;\;(\alpha \ne {90^o})\)
\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\tan ^2}\alpha = 1 + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}\)
Mà theo ý a) ta có \({\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = 1\) với mọi góc \(\alpha \)
\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\tan ^2}\alpha = \frac{1}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}\) (đpcm)
c)
Ta có: \(\cot \alpha = \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }}\;\;\;({0^o} < \alpha < {180^o})\)
\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha = 1 + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}\)
Mà theo ý a) ta có \({\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = 1\) với mọi góc \(\alpha \)
\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha = \frac{1}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}\) (đpcm)