Hòa tan hoàn toàn 4 gam CuO trong 100 gam dung dịch H2SO4 20% a) Viết phương trình hóa học b) Tính nồng độ phần trăm các chất trong dung dịch thu được
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Câu 3 :
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10\cdot21.9\%}{36.5}=0.06\left(mol\right)\)
\(AO+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2O\)
\(0.03........0.06\)
\(M=\dfrac{2.4}{0.03}=80\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=64\)
\(CuO\)
Câu 2 :
$n_{CuO} = \dfrac{1,6}{80} = 0,02(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{100.20\%}{98} = \dfrac{10}{49}$
$CuO + H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + H_2O$
$n_{CuO} < n_{H_2SO_4}$ nên $H_2SO_4 dư
Theo PTHH :
$n_{CuSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = n_{CuO} = 0,02(mol)$
$m_{dd} = 1,6 + 100 = 101,6(gam)$
Vậy :
$C\%_{CuSO_4} = \dfrac{0,02.160}{101,6}.100\% = 3,15\%$
$C\%_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = \dfrac{100.20\% - 0,02.98}{101,6}.100\% = 17,6\%$
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Dung dịch A gồm: CuSO4 và H2SO4 dư
\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
Đề có cho dữ kiện gì liên quan đến dd NaOH không bạn nhỉ?
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.19,6}{100.98}=0,4mol\\ CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ n_{CuSO_4\left(A\right)}=n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4mol\\ n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3mol\\ CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\\\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow CuSO_4.pư.không.hết\)
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
0,3mol 0,6mol 0,3mol
\(m_{ddB}=0,4.80+200+0,6.40-29,4=226,6g\\ C_{\%Na_2SO_4\left(B\right)}=\dfrac{0,3.142}{226,6}\cdot100=18,8\%\)
a)
$CuO + H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + H_2O$
$ZnO + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 +H_2O$
b) Gọi $n_{CuO} = a(mol) ; n_{ZnO} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 80a +81b = 12,1(1)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2SO_4} = a + b = \dfrac{73,5.20\%}{98} = 0,15(mol)(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,05 ; b = 0,1
$\%m_{CuO} = \dfrac{0,05.80}{12,1}.100\% = 33,06\%$
$\%m_{ZnO} = 100\% - 33,06\% = 66,94\%$
\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.200}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\a, ZnO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2O\\ b,Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\\ \Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=98.0,3=29,4\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{ZnO}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=8,1+200=208,1\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{29,4}{208,1}.100\approx14,128\%\\ C\%_{ddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{16,1}{208,1}.100\approx7,737\%\)
ZnO+H2SO4->ZnSO4+H2O
0,1-----0,1-------0,1-------0,1 mol
n ZnO=\(\dfrac{8,1}{81}\)=0,1 mol
m H2SO4 =39,2g =>n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{39,2}{98}\)=0,4 mol
=>H2SO4 , dư 0,3 mol
=>m H2SO4=0,3.98=29,4g
=>C%H2SO4 dư=\(\dfrac{29,4}{200+0,1.18}\).100=14,568%
=>C% ZnSO4=\(\dfrac{0,1.161}{200+0,1.18}.100=7,9781\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4(mol)\\ a,2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,6(mol);n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,2(mol)\\ b,V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44(l)\\ c,m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,6.98}{9,8\%}=600(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{0,2.342}{10,8+600-0,6.2}.100\%=11,22\%\)
Bài 4 :
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{100}=14,6\)0/0
d) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=13+100-\left(0,2.2\right)=112,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{27,2.100}{112,6}=24,16\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
Bài 3 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4}=0,5.98=49\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{49.100}{200}=24,5\)0/0
d) \(n_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgSO4}=0,5.120=60\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=12+200-\left(0,5.2\right)=211\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{60.100}{211}=28,44\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{FeO}=a\left(mol\right),n_{CuO}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=72a+80b=19.2\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(FeO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=a+b=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.15\)
\(m_{FeO}=0.1\cdot72=7.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=12\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0.1}{0.25}=0.4\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{CuSO_4}}=\dfrac{0.15}{0.25}=0.6\left(M\right)\)
\(a)CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ b)n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.20}{100.98}=\dfrac{10}{49}mol\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{10:49}{1}\rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ n_{CuSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,05mol\\ C_{\%CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,05.160}{100+4}\cdot100=7,69\%\\ C_{\%H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(10:49-0,05\right)98}{100+4}\cdot100=14,52\%\)