Cho \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
Chứng minh rằng:
\(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{a\times c}{b\times d}\)
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đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)
\(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{\left(bk\right)^2+\left(dk\right)^2}{b^2+d^2}\frac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{k^2.\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\)
\(\frac{a.c}{b.d}=\frac{bk.dk}{b.d}=k^2\)
suy ra: \(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{a.c}{b.d}\)( cùng bằng k2)
Có
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}\\ \Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d+a}=1\\ \Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
Vậy
\(M=\frac{2a-b}{c+d}+\frac{2b-c}{d+a}+\frac{2c-d}{a+b}+\frac{2d-a}{b+c}\\ =\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}\\ =\frac{a}{2a}+\frac{a}{2a}+\frac{a}{2a}+\frac{a}{2a}\\ =\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\\ =\frac{1+1+1+1}{2}\\ =\frac{4}{2}=2\)
Vậy M=2
a, Ta co : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a+b}{c+d}\)(1)
Xet :\(\frac{a}{a+b}=\frac{c}{c+d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a+b}{c+d}\)(2)
Tu (1) va (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b}=\frac{c}{c+d}\)
b
Xét: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2c^2}=2bc\\c^2+d^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2d^2}=2cd\\d^2+a^2\ge2\sqrt{d^2a^2}=2da\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\le\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=\frac{b}{2}\\\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}\le\frac{bc^2}{2bc}=\frac{c}{2}\\\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}\le\frac{cd^2}{2cd}=\frac{d}{2}\\\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\le\frac{da^2}{2da}=\frac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{b}{2}\\b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\frac{c}{2}\\c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}\ge c-\frac{d}{2}\\d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge d-\frac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge a+b+c+d-\frac{a}{2}-\frac{b}{2}-\frac{c}{2}-\frac{d}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Cách của bạn Minh dài quá mình xin làm cách ngắn hơn:
Đầu tiên ta chứng minh bổ đề:
\(\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{2x-y}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(2x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(y-x\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
Từ đó ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}\ge\frac{2a-b}{2}\\\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{2b-c}{2}\\\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}\ge\frac{2c-d}{2}\\\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{2d-a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng 4 cái trên vế theo vế ta được
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{2a-b}{2}+\frac{2b-c}{2}+\frac{2c-d}{2}+\frac{2d-a}{2}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)