Cần ít nhất bao nhiêu gam dung dịch H2SO4 20% để hòa tan hoàn toàn 16 gam Fe2O3
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Zn + 2HCl -----> ZnCl2+ H2
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(lít\right)\)
=> Chọn D
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1mol\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,3
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\)\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{25}\cdot100=117,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,3\cdot18=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot400=40\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsau}=16+117,6-5,4=128,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{40}{128,2}\cdot100\%=31,2\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=3.n_{H_2SO_4}=3.0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{29,4}{m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}}.100\%=25\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=117,6\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=117,6+16=133,6\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.400=40\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}\dfrac{40}{133,6}.100\%=29,94\%\)
\(a.Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ b.n_{H_2SO_4}=0,22.1,25=0,275mol\\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=a;n_{CuO}=b\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+b=0,275\\160a+80b=16\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,075;b=0,05\\ \%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,075.160}{16}\cdot100=75\%\\ \%m_{CuO}=100-75=25\%\)
Câu 3 :
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10\cdot21.9\%}{36.5}=0.06\left(mol\right)\)
\(AO+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2O\)
\(0.03........0.06\)
\(M=\dfrac{2.4}{0.03}=80\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=64\)
\(CuO\)
Câu 2 :
$n_{CuO} = \dfrac{1,6}{80} = 0,02(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{100.20\%}{98} = \dfrac{10}{49}$
$CuO + H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + H_2O$
$n_{CuO} < n_{H_2SO_4}$ nên $H_2SO_4 dư
Theo PTHH :
$n_{CuSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = n_{CuO} = 0,02(mol)$
$m_{dd} = 1,6 + 100 = 101,6(gam)$
Vậy :
$C\%_{CuSO_4} = \dfrac{0,02.160}{101,6}.100\% = 3,15\%$
$C\%_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = \dfrac{100.20\% - 0,02.98}{101,6}.100\% = 17,6\%$
Khối lượng H 2 SO 4 cần dùng :
m H 2 SO 4 = 0,01.98 = 0,98g
⇒ m dd H 2 SO 4 = 0,98 : 19,8% = 4,95g
Z n + H 2 S O 4 → Z n S O 4 + H 2
⇒ Zn phản ứng hết, dd axit còn dư
⇒ n H 2 = n Z n = 0,02 mol
⇒ m H 2 = 2.0,02 = 0,04 g
⇒ Chọn C.
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnO}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(đk:a,b>0\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=1,5.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe2O3 + 6HCl ---> FeCl3 + 3H2O
a-------->6a
ZnO + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
b----->2b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}160a+81b=8,83\\6a+2b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\left(mol\right)\\b=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04.160=6,4\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnO}=0,03.81=2,43\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH:
Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,04------>0,12
ZnO + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2O
0,03->0,03
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,12+0,03\right).98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7.100}{30\%}=49\left(g\right)\)
gọi \(x,y\) lần lượt là số \(mol\) của\(CuO\) và \(ZnO\)
số \(mol\) \(HCl\)
\(N=Cm.V=3.0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
lập \(PTHH\) :
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl2+H2O\)
\(x\Rightarrow2x\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl2+H2O\)
\(y\Rightarrow2y\)
theo \(PTP\) , ta có :
\(2x+2y=0,3\) \(\left(1\right)\)
theo đề ra :
\(mCuO+mZnO=80x+81y=12,1\left(g\right)\) \(\left(2\right)\)
từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow80x+81y=12,1\left(g\right)\Rightarrow x=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(2x+2y=0,3\Rightarrow y=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(a,\) \(\%CuO=\dfrac{0,05.80.100}{12,1}=33,06\%\)
\(\%ZnO=\dfrac{0,1.80.100}{12,1}=66,94\%\)
\(b,\) \(CuO+H2SO4\rightarrow CuOSO4+H2O\)
\(0,05\rightarrow0,05\)
\(ZnO+H2SO4\rightarrow ZnSO4+H2O\)
\(0,1\rightarrow0,1\)
\(nH2SO4=0,05+0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH2SO4=0,15.98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(mddH2SO4=14,7:20=73,5\left(g\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ m_{dd}=\dfrac{\dfrac{16}{160}\cdot3\cdot98}{0,2}=147g\)
Dạ vâng, cảm ơn anh đã góp ý ạ.