Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:
a) A = 1+1/3^2+1/3^3+...+1/3^n
b) B = 1/2-1/2^2+1/2^3-1/2^4+...+1/2^99-1/2^100
c) C = 3/2^2 x 8/3^2 x 15/4^2 ... 899/30^2
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a,
\(A=\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{9}\right)...\left(1-\frac{1}{900}\right)\\ =\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)...\left(1-\frac{1}{30}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{30}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{3}\cdot...\cdot\frac{29}{30}\cdot\frac{31}{30}\\ =\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot...\cdot\frac{29}{30}\cdot\frac{3}{2}\cdot\frac{4}{3}\cdot...\cdot\frac{31}{30}\\ =\frac{1\cdot2\cdot...\cdot29}{2\cdot3\cdot...\cdot30}\cdot\frac{3\cdot4\cdot...\cdot31}{2\cdot3\cdot...\cdot30}\\ =\frac{1}{30}\cdot\frac{31}{2}=\frac{31}{60}\)
b,
\(B=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\frac{2}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+...+\frac{2}{98\cdot99\cdot100}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{3-1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\frac{4-2}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+...+\frac{100-98}{98\cdot99\cdot100}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1\cdot2}-\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}-\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\frac{1}{98\cdot99}-\frac{1}{99\cdot100}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{9900}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4450-1}{9900}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4449}{9900}=\frac{4449}{19800}=\frac{1483}{6600}\)
c, (Chịu :V)
d,
\(D=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{3}{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot4}+\frac{3}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\frac{3}{27\cdot28\cdot29\cdot30}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{4-1}{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot4}+\frac{5-2}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\frac{30-27}{27\cdot28\cdot29\cdot30}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}-\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}-\frac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{27\cdot28\cdot29}-\frac{1}{28\cdot29\cdot30}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{24630}\right)\\ =\frac{228}{4105}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt nha.
b, B = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^3}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2^4}\)+.....+ \(\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)
2 \(\times\) B = 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2^3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^4}\)-.......-\(\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\)
2 \(\times\) B + B = 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)
3B = ( 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\))
B = ( 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)) : 3
A = 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{3^3}\)+......+ \(\dfrac{1}{3^{n-1}}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)
A\(\times\) 3 = 3 + 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+....+ \(\dfrac{1}{3^{n-1}}\)
A \(\times\) 3 - A = 3 - \(\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)
2A = 3 - \(\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)
A = ( 3 - \(\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)) : 2
\(A=1-2+3-4+5-6+7-8+...+99-100\)
\(A=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+...+\left(-1\right)\)
\(A=\left(-1\right).50\)
\(A=-50\)
\(B=1+3-5-7+9+11-...-397-399\)
\(B=1-2+2-2+2-...+2-2-399\)
\(B=1-399\)
\(B=-398\)
\(C=1-2-3+4+5-6-7+...+97-98-99+100\)
\(C=-1+1-1+1-...-1+1\)
\(C=0\)
\(D=2^{2024}-2^{2023}-...-1\)
\(D=2^{2024}-\left(2^0+2^1+2^2+...2^{2023}\right)\)
\(D=2^{2024}-\left(\dfrac{2^{2024}-1}{2-1}\right)\)
\(D=2^{2024}-\left(2^{2024}-1\right)\)
\(D=2^{2024}-2^{2024}+1\)
\(D=1\)
A = 1 - 2 + 3 - 4 + 5 - 6 + 7 - 8 +...+ 99 - 100
A = (1 - 2) + ( 3 - 4) + ( 5- 6) +....+(99 - 100)
Xét dãy số 1; 3; 5;...;99
Dãy số trên là dãy số cách đều có khoảng cách là: 3 - 1 = 2
Dãy số trên có số số hạng là: (99 - 1) : 2 + 1 = 50 (số)
Vậy tổng A có 50 nhóm, mỗi nhóm có giá trị là: 1- 2 = -1
A = - 1\(\times\)50 = -50
b,
B = 1 + 3 - 5 - 7 + 9 + 11-...- 397 - 399
B = ( 1 + 3 - 5 - 7) + ( 9 + 11 - 13 - 15) + ...+( 393 + 395 - 397 - 399)
B = -8 + (-8) +...+ (-8)
Xét dãy số 1; 9; ...;393
Dãy số trên là dãy số cách đều có khoảng cách là: 9-1 = 8
Dãy số trên có số số hạng là: ( 393 - 1): 8 + 1 = 50 (số hạng)
Tổng B có 50 nhóm mỗi nhóm có giá trị là -8
B = -8 \(\times\) 50 = - 400
c,
C = 1 - 2 - 3 + 4 + 5 - 6 +...+ 97 - 98 - 99 +100
C = ( 1 - 2 - 3 + 4) + ( 5 - 6 - 7+ 8) +...+ ( 97 - 98 - 99 + 100)
C = 0 + 0 + 0 +...+0
C = 0
d, D = 22024 - 22023- ... +2 - 1
2D = 22005- 22004 + 22003+...- 2
2D + D = 22005 - 1
3D = 22005 - 1
D = (22005 - 1): 3
Bài 1:
a: \(2A=2^{101}+2^{100}+...+2^2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=2^{100}-1\)
b: \(3B=3^{101}+3^{100}+...+3^2+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2B=3^{100}-1\)
hay \(B=\dfrac{3^{100}-1}{2}\)
c: \(4C=4^{101}+4^{100}+...+4^2+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3C=4^{101}-1\)
hay \(C=\dfrac{4^{101}-1}{3}\)
Với n\(\in N\)* có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(n+1-n\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\) (*)
a) Áp dụng (*) vào T
\(\Rightarrow T=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
b) Có \(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{n+1}=5\Leftrightarrow n=24\) (tm)
Vậy n=24.
A = 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^3}\) +.......+\(\dfrac{1}{3^{n-1}}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)
3\(\times\) A = 3 + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^3}\)+........+ \(\dfrac{1}{3^{n-1}}\)
3A - A = 3 + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) - 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)
2A = \(\dfrac{7}{3}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)
A = ( \(\dfrac{7}{3}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)): 2
A = \(\dfrac{7.3^{n-1}-1}{3^n}\) : 2
A = \(\dfrac{7.3^{n-1}-1}{2.3^n}\)
B = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^3}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2^4}\)+......+\(\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)
2B = 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2^3}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{2^4}\)-.......-\(\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\)
2B + B = 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)
3B = 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)
B = ( 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)): 3
B = \(\dfrac{2.2^{100}-1}{2^{100}}\) : 3
B = \(\dfrac{2^{101}-1}{3.2^{100}}\)