Cho 15,2g hỗn hợp A gồm axit axetic và rượu etylic tác dụng vừa đủ với 100g dd KOH 5,6% 1. Tính tp% theo khối lượng mỗi chất trong hh 2. Nếu thêm H2SO4 đặc vào hh A trên rồi đun nóng thì khối lượng este thu dc là bnhieu? Biết hiệu suất phản ứng là 60%
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n H2 =0,3 mol
n NaOH =0,2 mol
=>n OH= n H+ =0,2 mol
=>n CH3COOH=0,2 mol
=>m CH3COOH=0,2.60=12g
->n C2H5OH=0,1 mol
=>m C2H5OH=4,6g
=>mC2H5OH=\(\dfrac{4,6}{4,6+12}100=27,71\%\)
=>maxit=72,29%
b)
CH3COOH+C2H5OH->CH3COOC2H5+H2O
0,1-------------0,1
=>H=82%
=>m CH3COOC2H5=0,082.88=7,216g
\(n_{NaOH}=0,4.0,5=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2.60}{15,2}.100\%\approx78,95\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}\approx21,05\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Gọi số mol CH3COOH, C2H5OH là a, b (mol)
=> 60a + 46b = 25,8 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2CH3COOH --> 2CH3COONa + H2
a------------------------->0,5a
2Na + 2C2H5OH --> 2C2H5ONa + H2
b--------------------->0,5b
=> 0,5a + 0,5b = 0,25 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2.60}{25,8}.100\%=46,51\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,3.46}{25,8}.100\%=53,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{13,2}{88}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo CH3COOH
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
0,15<---------------------------------0,15
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}.100\%=75\%\)
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=0,2\cdot0,1=0,02mol\)
a)\(2CH_3COOH+Mg\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\)
0,02 0,01 0,01 0,01
b)\(V_{H_2}=0,01\cdot22,4=0,224l=224ml\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,01\cdot24=0,24g\)
c)\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH\xrightarrow[xtH_2SO_4đ]{t^o}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
0,02 \(\dfrac{1,15}{46}=0,025\) 0,02
\(m_{etylaxetat}=0,02\cdot88=1,76g\)
\(H=80\%\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=1,76\cdot80\%=1,408g\)
$CH_3COOH + KOH \to CH_3COOK + H_2O$
n CH3COOH = n KOH = 50.11,2%/56 = 0,1(mol)
=> n C2H5OH = (15,2 - 0,1.60)/46 = 0,2(mol)
\(CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \buildrel{{H_2SO_4,t^o}}\over\rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O\)
Ta thấy :
n CH3COOH = 0,1 < n C2H5OH = 0,2 nên hiệu suất tính theo số mol CH3COOH
n CH3COOC2H5 = n CH3COOH pư = 0,1.60% = 0,06 (mol)
=> m este = 0,06.88 = 5,28 (gam)
1/ a. C2H5OH + Na --> C2H5ONa + 1/2H2
b. CH3COOH + C2H5OH <-H2SO4đ,to-> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
C2H4 + H2O -H2SO4-> C2H5OH
d. CH4 + Cl2 -as-> CH3Cl + HCl
1/ +PTHH:
a/ C2H5OH + Na => C2H5ONa + 1/2 H2
b/ CH3COOH + C2H5OH => (to,H2SO4đ) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
c/ C2H4 + H2O => (H2SO4đ,140oC) C2H5OH
d/ CH4 + Cl2 => (askt) CH3Cl + HCl
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
a---------------------------------------->0,5a
2CH3COOH + 2Na ---> 2CH3COONa + H2
b------------------------------------------------>0,5b
=> hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46a+60b=48,8\\0,5a+0,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,8\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8\left(g\right)\\m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100\%=75,41\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,41\%=24,59\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH:
\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_4đặc}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
LTL: 0,8 > 0,2 => Rượu dư
\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(tt\right)}=0,2.85\%=0,17\left(mol\right)\\ m_{este}=0,17.88=14,96\left(g\right)\)
a.Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=x\\n_{CH_3COOH}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)
x 1/2 x ( mol )
\(2CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2\)
y 1/2 y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46x+60y=48,8\\\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,8\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8g\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100=75,4\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,4\%=24,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(H_2SO_4\left(đ\right),t^o\right)CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
0,8 < 0,2 ( mol )
0,2 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0,2.88.85\%=14,96g\)