Cho 10,2 gam Al2O3 phản ứng 100 gam dung dịch H2SO4 9,8% thu được dung dịch A
a) Viết phương trình
b) Tính C% các chất trong A
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a) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{2,4}{80}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=100.29,4\%=29,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,03 0,03 0,03
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,03}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H2SO4 dư
b) \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)
c) mdd sau pứ = 2,4+100 = 102,4 (g)
\(C\%_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,03.160.100\%}{102,4}=4,6875\%\)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,3-0,03\right).98.100\%}{102,4}=25,84\%\)
Bài 4 :
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{2,4}{80}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{29,4.100}{100}=29,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,03 0,3 0,03
Câu khối lượng của dng dịch H2SO4 đề cho rồi nên mình làm câu c thôi nhé
c) Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,03}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\)
⇒ CuO phản ứng hết , H2SO4 dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của CuO
\(n_{CuSO4}=\dfrac{0,03.1}{1}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CuSO4}=0,03.160=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,03=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,27.98=26,46\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=2,4+100=102,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{CuSO4}=\dfrac{4,8.100}{102,4}=4,6875\)0/0
\(C_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{26,46.100}{102,4}=25,84\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{10\%.490}{2+32+16.4}=0,5mol\)
n Al2O3 =\(\dfrac{10,2}{27.2+16.3}=0,1mol\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
bđ 0,1............0,5
pư 0,1............0,3..................0,1
spu 0 ................0,2................0,1
=> sau pư gồm H2SO4 dư , Al2(S04)3 và H2O
m H2SO4 dư = \(0,2.\left(2+32+16.3\right)=19,6g\)
m Al2(SO4)3 = \(0,1\left(27.2+32.3+16.4.3\right)=34,2g\)
m dd = \(490+10,2=500,2g\)
% Al2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{34,2}{500,2}.100\sim6,84\%\)
% H2SO4 dư = \(\dfrac{19,6}{500,2}.100\sim3,92\%\)
\(a,PTHH:H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300\cdot9,8\%}{100\%}=29,4\left(g\right)\\m_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200\cdot26\%}{100\%}=52\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{52}{208}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}\) nên H2SO4 dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{BaSO_4}=0,25\cdot233=58,25\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{HCl}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,25\cdot36,5=9,125\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{HCl}}=300+200-58,25=441,75\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{9,125}{441,75}\cdot100\%\approx2,07\%\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100\cdot11,2\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 còn dư, KOH p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot174=17,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddKOH}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,4}{250}\cdot100\%=6,96\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{250}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
1.
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95.75}{100}=8,2125\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,2125}{35,5}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}n_{HCl}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{0,075.162,5}{0,0375.160+75}.100\%=15,05\%\)
$n_{Al_2O_3} = 10,2 : 102 = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{HCl} = 0,35.2 = 0,7(mol)$
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
Ban đầu : 0,1 0,7 (mol)
Phản ứng: 0,1 0,6 (mol)
Sau pư : 0 0,1 0,2 (mol)
A gồm HCl, $AlCl_3$
$C_{M_{HCl\ dư}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,35} = 0,285M$
$C_{M_{AlCl_3}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,35} = 0,571M$
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_{\text{ 4}}}=\dfrac{100.9,8}{100}=9,8g\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,1
\(m_{\text{dd}}=10,2+100-\left(0,3.18\right)=104,8g\\ C\%=\dfrac{0,1.342}{104,8}.100\%=32,633\%\)
\(a,n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=9,8\%.100=9,8\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
Ban đầu: 0,1 0,1
Phản ứng: \(\dfrac{1}{30}\) 0,1
Sau pư: \(\dfrac{1}{15}\) 0 \(\dfrac{1}{30}\) 0,1
b, \(\rightarrow m_{dd}=\dfrac{1}{30}.102+100=103,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{30}.342}{101,6}.100\%=11,22\%\)