P(x) = x5 – 2 + x + x3 + x2 ; Q(x) = – 1 + 4x5 + x4 + x2 + x3
Sắp xếp các hạng tử mỗi đa thức theo lũy thừa tăng dần của biến.
Tính P(x) + Q(x) và P(x) – Q(x).
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\(Tacó:f\left(x\right)+g\left(x\right)=x^5-x^3+x^2-2x+5+x^2-3x+1+x^2-x^4+x^5\)
Ta có : j(x) + g(x) = (x5 - x3 - x2 - 2x +5 )+( x2 - 3x + 1 + x2 - x4 + x5)
= x5 - x3 - x2 - 2x +5+x2 - 3x + 1 + x2 - x4 + x5
=(x5 + x5) + (-3x - 3x) + (-2x+2x-2x)+ (5 +1) -4x
= 10x - 6x - 2x +6 - 4x
= -2x +6
Vậy j(x) + g(x) = -2x +6
Thu gọn, sắp xếp đa thức theo lũy thừa giảm của biến:
* Ta có: f(x) = x5 – 3x2 + x3 – x2 – 2x + 5
= x5 – (3x2 + x2 ) + x3 - 2x + 5
= x5 – 4x2 + x3 – 2x + 5
= x5 + x3 – 4x2 – 2x + 5
Và g(x) = x2 – 3x + 1 + x2 – x4 + x5
= (x2 + x2 ) – 3x + 1 – x4 + x5
= 2x2 – 3x + 1 – x4 + x5
= x5 – x4 + 2x2 – 3x + 1
* f(x) + g(x):
\(H\left(x\right)=F\left(x\right)+G\left(x\right)=\left(x^5-3x^2-x^3-x^2-2x+5\right)+\left(x^5-x^4+x^2-3x+x^2+1\right)\\ =x^5-3x^2-x^3-x^2-2x+5+x^5-x^4+x^2-3x+x^2+1\\ =\left(x^5+x^5\right)-x^4-x^3-\left(3x^2+x^2-x^2-x^2\right)-\left(2x+3x\right)+5\\ =2x^5-x^4-x^3-2x^2-5x+5\)
\(f\left(x\right)-g\left(x\right)=\left(x^5-3x^2+x^3-x^2-2x+5\right)-\left(x^2-3x+1+x^2-x^4+x^5\right)\)
\(f\left(x\right)-g\left(x\right)=x^5-3x^2+x^3-x^2-2x+5-x^2+3x-1-x^2+x^4-x^5\)
\(f\left(x\right)-g\left(x\right)=\left(x^5-x^5\right)+\left(-3x^2-x^2-x^2-x^2\right)+x^3+\left(-2x+3x\right)+\left(5-1\right)+x^4\)
\(f\left(x\right)-g\left(x\right)=-6x^2+x^3+x+4+x^4\)
\(f\left(x\right)-g\left(x\right)=x^4+x^3-6x^2+x+4\)
Vì P(x) có hệ số bậc cao nhất là 1
Nên P(x) có thể được viết dưới dạng: \(P\left(x\right)=\left(x-x_1\right)\left(x-x_2\right)\left(x-x_3\right)\left(x-x_4\right)\left(x-x_5\right)\)
Và \(P\left(-1\right)=\left(-1\right)^5-5\left(-1\right)^3+4\left(-1\right)+1=1\)
\(P\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{77}{32}\)
Ta có: \(Q\left(x\right)=2x^2+x-1=2x^2+2x-x-1=2x\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
=> \(Q\left(x_1\right).\text{}\text{}Q\left(x_2\right).\text{}\text{}Q\left(x_3\right).\text{}\text{}Q\left(x_4\right).\text{}\text{}Q\left(x_5\right)\text{}\text{}\)
\(=\left(x_1+1\right)\left(2x_1-1\right)\left(x_2+1\right)\left(2x_2-1\right)\left(x_3+1\right)\left(2x_3-1\right)\left(x_4+1\right)\left(2x_4-1\right)\left(x_5+1\right)\left(2x_5-1\right)\)
\(=32\left(-1-x_1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-x_1\right)\left(-1-x_2\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-x_2\right)\left(-1-x_3\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-x_3\right)\left(-1-x_4\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-x_4\right)\left(-1-x_5\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-x_5\right)\)\(=32.P\left(-1\right).P\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=32.1.\frac{77}{32}=77\)
\(p\left(x\right)=x^5-5x^3+4x+1=\left(x-x_1\right)\left(x-x_2\right)\left(x-x_3\right)\left(x-x_4\right)\left(x-x_5\right)\)
\(Q\left(x\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{2}-x\right)\left(-1-x\right)\)
Do đó \(Q\left(x_1\right)\cdot Q\left(x_2\right)\cdot Q\left(x_3\right)\cdot Q\left(x_4\right)\cdot Q\left(x_5\right)\)
\(=2^5\left[\left(\frac{1}{2}-x_1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-x_2\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-x_3\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-x_4\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-x_5\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(-1-x_1\right)\left(-1-x_2\right)\left(-1-x_3\right)\left(-1-x_4\right)\left(-1-x_5\right)\)
\(=32P\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\cdot\left[P\left(-1\right)\right]\)
\(=32\cdot\left(\frac{1}{32}-\frac{5}{8}+\frac{4}{2}+1\right)\left(-1+5-4+1\right)\)
\(=4300\)
*Mình không chắc*
Ta có
P ( x ) = 2 x 3 − 3 x + x 5 − 4 x 3 + 4 x − x 5 + x 2 − 2 = x 5 − x 5 + 2 x 3 − 4 x 3 + x 2 + ( 4 x − 3 x ) − 2 = − 2 x 3 + x 2 + x − 2 Và Q ( x ) = x 3 − 2 x 2 + 3 x + 1 + 2 x 2
= x 3 + - 2 x 2 + 2 x 2 + 3 x + 1 = x 3 + 3 x + 1
Khi đó
P ( x ) − Q ( x ) = − 2 x 3 + x 2 + x − 2 − x 3 + 3 x + 1 = − 2 x 3 + x 2 + x − 2 − x 3 − 3 x − 1 = − 2 x 3 − x 3 + x 2 + ( x − 3 x ) − 2 − 1 = − 3 x 3 + x 2 − 2 x − 3
Chọn đáp án B
\(P\left(x\right)=x^5-2+x+x^3+x^2=x^5+x^3+x^2+x-2\)
\(Q\left(x\right)=-x+4x^5+x^4+x^2+x^3=4x^5+x^4+x^3+x^2-x\)
\(P\left(x\right)+Q\left(x\right)=\left(x^5+4x^5\right)+x^4+\left(x^3+x^3\right)+\left(x^2+x^2\right)+\left(x-x\right)-2\)
\(P\left(x\right)+Q\left(x\right)=5x^5+x^4+2x^3+2x^2-2\)
\(P\left(x\right)-Q\left(x\right)=\left(x^5-4x^5\right)-x^4+\left(x^3-x^3\right)+\left(x^2-x^2\right)+\left(x+x\right)-2\)
\(P\left(x\right)-Q\left(x\right)=-3x^5-x^4+2x-2\)