Cho a,b,c là các số thực dương
CMR:
1) \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
2) \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge\frac{a+b}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{a+b}+1\)
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Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Tự nhiên lục được cái này :'(
3. Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{b+c-a+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2c}=\frac{2}{c}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b-c+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế ta có điều phải chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a = b = c
Easy nà!
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=x;\frac{b}{c}=y;\frac{c}{a}=z\) thì xyz = 1
BĐT trở thành: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge x+y+z\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM,ta có: \(VT+1=\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\left(z^2+1\right)\)
\(\ge2xy+2z\ge2\sqrt{2xy.2z}=4\sqrt{xyz}=4\)
Suy ra \(VT\ge3\) (1)
Lại có: \(x^2+1\ge2x;y^2+1\ge2y;z^2+1\ge2z\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT: \(VT+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Kết hợp (1) suy ra \(2VT\ge VT+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)=2VP\)
Từ đây,ta có:\(2VT\ge2VP\Rightarrow VT\ge VP^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Hơi khó :)) mình ms lớp 8
Ta có : \(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}=\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}\)
\(=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{a}}+2\sqrt{\frac{a}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}+2\sqrt{\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{b}}=6\)(AM - GM) (1)
Ta lại có : \(\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)(AM - GM)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}+\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{a+c}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3+\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(2)
Từ (1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}\ge6+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{15}{2}\)(đpcm)
\(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\ge\frac{3}{\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\right)}\)sai
\(a^2\left(\frac{1}{b+c}-\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+b^2\left(\frac{1}{a+c}-\frac{1}{a+b}\right)+c^2\left(\frac{1}{a+b}-\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\ge0.\)
\(a^2\left(\frac{a-}{b+c}\frac{b}{a+c}\right)+b^2\left(\frac{b}{a+c}\frac{-c}{a+b}\right)+c^2\left(\frac{c-}{a+b}\frac{a}{b+c}\right)\ge0.\)
\(a^2\left(a^2-b^2\right)+b^2\left(b^2-c^2\right)+c^2\left(c^2-a^2\right)\ge0.\)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2.\) cái này dễ rồi .
a)
Do a,b,c > 0
nên áp dụng BĐT Svacxo ta được :
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\) ( đpcm )
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
b)
Do a,b,c > 0
nên áp dụng BĐT Svacxo ta được :
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{b+c+c+a+a+b}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
1) Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{x^2}{m}+\frac{y^2}{n}+\frac{z^2}{p}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{m+n+p}\) :
Ta có : \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)