Bài 4. Đốt cháy 18,6 gam P trong bình đựng 33,6 lít không khí ở đktc
a) Chất nào còn dư sau phản ứng; tính khối lượng dư. Biết oxi chiếm 1/5 thể tích không khí.
b) Tính khối lượng chất mới tạo thành sau phản ứng.
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\(a) n_P = \dfrac{18,6}{31} = 0,6(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{20,16}{22,4} = 0,9(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ \dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,15 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,18 \to O_2\ dư\\ n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,75(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,9-0,75).32 = 4,8(gam)\\ b) n_{Fe} = \dfrac{56}{56} = 1(mol)\)
\(3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ \dfrac{n_{Fe}}{3} = \dfrac{1}{3}<\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{2} = 0,45\to Fe\ cháy\ hết.\\ c)\ 2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2\\ n_{KMnO_4} = 2n_{O_2} = 0,9.2 = 1,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4} = 1,8.158 =284,4(gam)\)
4P + 5O2 -----to---> 2P2O5
0,4---0,5-----------> 0,2 (mol)
+ n P = 12,4 / 31 = 0,4 (mol)
+nO2 = 13,44 / 22,4 = 0,6 (mol)
Vì nP/4 = 0,1 < n O2 /5 = 0,12
=> Oxi còn thừa sau phản ứng .
mO2 dư = (0,6 - 0,5 ) . 32 = 3,2 (g)
b. chất tạo thành : P2O5
mP2O5 = 0,2 . ( 2.31 + 16 . 5 ) = 28,4 (g)
\(n_P=\dfrac{12,4}{31}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,4}{4}< \dfrac{0,6}{5}\)
=> Oxi dư
\(n_{O_2\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,5\left(mol\right)\\
m_{O_2\left(d\right)}=\left(0,6-0,5\right).32=3,2\left(g\right)\\
n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
m_{P_2O_5}=0,2.142=28,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
LTL: \(\dfrac{1,5}{2}< 1,5\rightarrow O_2\) dư
Theo pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.1,5=0,75\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(1,5-0,75\right).32=24\left(g\right)\\V_{O_2}\left(1,5-0,75\right).22,4=16,8\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2O}=1,5.18=27\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{O_2}=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(MOL\right)\)
pthh: \(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^O}2H_2O\)
LTL : \(\dfrac{1,5}{2}< \dfrac{1,5}{1}\)
=> O2 dư , H2 hết
theo pthh: nH2O = nH2 = 1,5 (mol)
=> \(m_{H_2O}=1,5.18=27\left(g\right)\)
$a) 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5$
$n_P = \dfrac{6,2}{31} = 0,2(mol) ; n_{O_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35(mol)$
$n_P : 4 = 0,05 < n_{O_2} :5 = 0,07$ nên $O_2$ dư
$n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,25(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,35 - 0,25).32 = 3,2(gam)$
c) $n_{P_2O_5} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_P = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{P_2O_5} = 0,1.142 = 14,2(gam)$
\(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\\a, 4P+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2P_2O_5\\ V\text{ì}:\dfrac{0,35}{5}>\dfrac{0,2}{4}\Rightarrow O_2d\text{ư}\\ n_{O_2\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,35-\dfrac{5}{4}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b, m_{O_2\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,1.32=3,2\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{n_P}{2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{r\text{ắn}}=m_{P_2O_5}=142.0,1=14,2\left(g\right)\)
nP=\(\dfrac{62}{31}\)=0,2(mol)
nO2=\(\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}\)=0,35(mol)
PTHH:4P+5O2to→2P2O5
tpứ: 0,2 0,35
pứ: 0,2 0,25 0,1
spứ: 0 0,1 0,1
a)chất còn dư là oxi
mO2dư=0,1.32=3,2(g)
b)mP2O5=n.M=0,1.142=14,2(g)
\(a.n_P=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\\ 4P+5O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2P_2O_5\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,35}{5}\\ \Rightarrow SauphảnứngO_2dư\\ n_{O_2\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,35-0,25\right).32=3,2\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)
a) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{12,8}{64} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{33,6.20\%}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)$
$2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO$
$n_{Cu} : 2 < n_{O_2} :2$ nên Oxi dư
$n_{CuO} = n_{Cu} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{CuO} = 0,2.80 = 16(gam)$
b)
$n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,3 - 0,1).32 = 6,4(gam)$
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_S=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: S + O2 --to--> SO2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\) => S hết, O2 dư
\(n_S=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: S + O2 --to--> SO2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\) => S hết, O2 dư
a) \(n_P=\dfrac{18,6}{31}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}.\dfrac{1}{5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 --to--> 2P2O5
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,6}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{5}\) => P dư, O2 hết
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 --to--> 2P2O5
0,24<-0,3-------->0,12
=> mP(dư) = (0,6 - 0,24).31 = 11,16 (g)
b) mP2O5 = 0,12.142 = 17,04 (g)
nP = 18,6 : 0,6 (mol)
nO2 = (33,6 : 22,4 ) . 21% = 0,315 (mol)
pthh : 4P +5O2 -t-> 2P2O5
LTL :
0,6 / 4 < 0,315 / 5
=> P dư
nP (pư) = nO2 = 0,315 (mol)
nP(d) = nP(bđ) - nP (pư) = 0,6 - 0,315 = 0,285 (mol)
=> mP (dư ) = 0,285 . 31 = 8,935 (g)
theo pthh nP2O5 = 2/5 nO2 = 0,126 ( mol)
=> mP2O5 = 0,126 . 142 = 17,892 (g)