Với n là số nguyên dương hãy so sánh \(\frac{n}{n+8}\)và \(\frac{n-2}{n+9}\)
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\(\left[...\right]=\left[n+\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\right]=\left[n+1-\frac{1}{n+1}\right]=\left[n+\frac{n}{n+1}\right]\)
Do n dương nên \(\frac{n}{n+1}< 1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left[n+\frac{n}{n+1}\right]=n\)
\(S=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+...+\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+1-\frac{1}{3^2}+1-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+1-\frac{1}{n^2}\)
\(=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
\(=n+\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)< n\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}=1-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
...........
\(\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}=\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}+\frac{1}{n}=1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+....+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)>-1\)
\(\Rightarrow S=n+\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)>n+\left(-1\right)=n-1\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => n - 1 < S < n
Mà n - 1 và n là 2 số liên tiếp
Vậy ....
1)Ta có:\(2^{60}=\left(2^3\right)^{20}=8^{20}\)
\(3^{40}=\left(3^2\right)^{20}=9^{20}\)
Vì \(8^{20}< 9^{20}\Rightarrow2^{60}< 3^{40}\)
2)Gọi d là ƯCLN(n+3,2n+5)(d\(\in N\)*)
Ta có:\(n+3⋮d,2n+5⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow2n+6⋮d,2n+5⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2n+6\right)-\left(2n+5\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow d=1\)
Vì ƯCLN(n+3,2n+5)=1\(\RightarrowƯC\left(n+3,2n+5\right)=\left\{1,-1\right\}\)
3)\(A=5+5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{98}+5^{99}\)(có 99 số hạng)
\(A=\left(5+5^2+5^3\right)+\left(5^4+5^5+5^6\right)+...+\left(5^{97}+5^{98}+5^{99}\right)\)(có 33 nhóm)
\(A=5\left(1+5+5^2\right)+5^4\left(1+5+5^2\right)+...+5^{97}\left(1+5+5^2\right)\)
\(A=5\cdot31+5^4\cdot31+...+5^{97}\cdot31\)
\(A=31\left(5+5^4+...+5^{97}\right)⋮31\left(đpcm\right)\)
6)Đặt \(A=2^1+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}\)
\(2A=2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{101}\)
\(2A-A=\left(2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{101}\right)-\left(2^1+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}\right)\)
\(A=2^{101}-2\)
\(\Rightarrow2^1+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}-2^{101}=2^{101}-2-2^{101}=-2\)
\(\frac{2^n}{8^k}=\frac{2^{2k+1}}{2^{3k}}=2^{2k+1-3k}=2^{-k+1}=2^{-k}.2=\frac{1}{2^k}.2=\frac{2}{2^k}=\frac{1}{2^{k-1}}\)
Thay n = 2k + 1 vào
ta có: \(\frac{2^{2k+1}}{8^k}=\frac{2^{2k+1}}{\left(2^3\right)^k}=\frac{2^{2k+1}}{2^{3k}}=\frac{2^{2k}.2}{2^{3k}}=\frac{2}{2^k}\)