4- Tính thành phần phần trăm về khối lượng mỗi nguyên tố trong hợp chất sau: NaOH, H2CO3, CaCO3, KNO3.
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\(CaCO_3\\ \%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{40}{40+12+3.16}.100=40\%\\ \%m_C=\dfrac{12}{40+12+16.3}.100=12\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_O=100\%-\left(40\%+12\%\right)=48\%\\ H_2SO_4\\ \%m_H=\dfrac{2.1}{2.1+32+4.16}.100\approx2,041\%\\ \%m_S=\dfrac{32}{2.1+32+4.16}.100\approx32,653\%\\ \%m_O=\dfrac{4.16}{2.1+32+4.16}.100\approx65,306\%\\ Fe_2O_3\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.2}{56.2+16.3}.100=70\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_O=100\%-70\%=30\%\)
CaCO3
\(\%M_{\dfrac{Ca}{CaCO_3}}=\dfrac{40}{100}.100\%=40\%\)
\(\%M_{\dfrac{C}{CaCO_3}}=\dfrac{12}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
\(\%M_{\dfrac{O}{CaCO_3}}=100\%-\left(40\%+12\%\right)=48\%\)
H2SO4
\(\%M_{\dfrac{H_2}{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{2}{98}.100\%=2,04\%\)
\(\%M_{\dfrac{S}{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{32}{98}.100\%=32,65\%\)
\(\%M_{\dfrac{O}{H_2SO_4}}=100\%-\left(2,04\%+32,65\%\right)=65,31\%\)
Fe2O3
\(\%M_{\dfrac{Fe}{Fe_2O_3}}=\dfrac{112}{160}.100\%=70\%\)
\(\%M_{\dfrac{O}{Fe_2O_3}}=100\%-70\%=30\%\)
\(PTK_{CaCO_3}=NTK_{Ca}+NTK_C+3.NTK_O=40+12+3.16=100\left(đ.v.C\right)\\ \%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{NTK_{Ca}}{PTK_{CaCO_3}}.100\%=\dfrac{40}{100}.100=40\%\\ \%m_C=\dfrac{NTK_C}{PTK_{CaCO_3}}.100\%=\dfrac{12}{100}.100=12\%\\ \%m_O=100\%-\left(\%m_{Ca}+\%m_C\right)=100\%-\left(40\%+12\%\right)=48\%\)
`a,` \(K.L.P.T_{Fe_2O_3}=56.2+16.3=160< amu>.\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{56.2.100}{160}=70\%\)
\(\%O=100\%-70\%=30\%\)
`b,`\(K.L.P.T_{CaCO_3}=40+12+16.3=100< amu>.\)
\(\%Ca=\dfrac{40.100}{100}=40\%\)
\(\%C=\dfrac{12.100}{100}=12\%\)
\(\%O=100\%-40\%-12\%=48\%\)
`c,` \(K.L.P.T_{HCl}=1+35,5=36,5< amu>.\)
\(\%H=\dfrac{1.100}{36,5}\approx2,74\%\)
\(\%Cl=100\%-2,74\%=97,26\%\)
a: \(\%Fe=\dfrac{56\cdot2}{56\cdot2+16\cdot3}=70\%\)
=>%O=30%
b: \(\%Ca=\dfrac{40}{40+12+16\cdot3}=40\%\)
\(\%C=\dfrac{12}{100}=12\%\)
%O=100%-12%-40%=48%
c: %H=1/36,5=2,74%
=>%Cl=97,26%
+) Trong H2SO4 có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_H=\dfrac{2}{98}\cdot100\%\approx2,04\%\\\%m_S=\dfrac{32}{98}\cdot100\%\approx32,65\%\\\%m_O=65,31\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Trong HNO3 có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_H=\dfrac{1}{63}\cdot100\%\approx1,59\%\\\%m_N=\dfrac{14}{63}\cdot100\%\approx22,22\%\\\%m_O=76,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)Ta có:\(m\%_H=\dfrac{2.100\%}{98}=2,04\%\)
\(m\%_S=\dfrac{32.100\%}{98}=32,65\%\)
\(m\%_O=100-2,04-32,65=65,31\%\)
b) tương tự
a)
\(m_C=\dfrac{52,15.46}{100}=24\left(g\right)=>n_C=\dfrac{24}{12}=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_H=\dfrac{13,04.46}{100}=6\left(g\right)=>n_H=\dfrac{6}{1}=6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_O=46-24-6=16\left(g\right)=>n_O=\dfrac{16}{16}=1\left(mol\right)\)
=> CTHH: C2H6O
b) \(n_A=\dfrac{18,4}{46}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
mC = 12.0,4.2 = 9,6(g)
mH = 1.0,4.6 = 2,4 (g)
mO = 16.0,4.1 = 6,4 (g)
c) \(n_A=\dfrac{13,8}{46}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Số nguyên tử C = 2.0,3.6.1023 = 3,6.1023
Số nguyên tử H = 6.0,3.6.1023 = 10,8.1023
Số nguyên tử O = 1.0,3.6.1023 = 1,8.1023
\(M_{NaOH}=40(g/mol)\\ \%_{Na}=\dfrac{23}{40}.100\%=57,5\%\\ \%_O=\dfrac{16}{40}.100\%=40\%\\ \%_H=\dfrac{1}{40}.100\%=2,5\%\\ M_{H_2CO_3}=2+12+16.3=62(g/mol)\\ \%_H=\dfrac{2}{62}.100\%=3,23\%\\ \%_C=\dfrac{12}{62}.100\%=19,35\%\\ \%_O=100\%-3,23\%-19,35\%=77,42\%\)
\(M_{CaCO_3}=40+12+16.3=100(g/mol)\\ \%_{Ca}=\dfrac{40}{100}.100\%=40\%\\ \%_C=\dfrac{12}{100}.100\%=12\%\\ \%_O=\dfrac{48}{100}.100\%=48\%\\ M_{KNO_3}=39+14+16.3=101(g/mol)\\ \%_K=\dfrac{39}{101}.100\%=38,61\%\\ \%_N=\dfrac{14}{101}.100\%=13,86\%\\ \%_O=100\%-38,61\%-13,86\%=47,53\%\)