Cho hỗn hợp gồm 7,5 gồm Mg và Al tác dụng hoàn toàn với dung dịch HCl thì thu được 7,84 (l) khí ở đktc. Tính % khối lượng mỗi kim loại ban đầu.
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\(n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=24a+27b=7.5\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7.84}{22.4}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.35\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.2,b=0.1\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{0.2\cdot24}{7.5}\cdot100\%=64\%\)
\(\%Al=100\%-64\%=36\%\)
\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)
a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: x x
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=30,7\\x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,3.65.100\%}{30,7}=63,52\%;\%m_{Fe}=100\%-63,52\%=36,48\%\)
b,
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,3 0,6
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4
nHCl = 0,6+0,4 = 1 (mol)
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)=500\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V_{H_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Mg}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=27x\\m_{Mg}=24y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
x \(\dfrac{3}{2}x\) ( mol )
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=19,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,9\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,6.24=14,4g\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{19,8}.100=27,27\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=100\%-27,27\%=72,73\%\)
- Xét TN2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O --> 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
0,2<--------------------------------0,3
=> mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
- Xét TN1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2------------------->0,3
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,15<------------------0,15
=> mMg = 0,15.24 = 3,6 (g)
\(a) n_{Mg}= a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 27b =2,55(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = b = 0,05\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,05.24}{2,55}.100\% = 47,06\%\ ;\ \%m_{Al} =100\% -47,06\% = 52,94\%\\ b) n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,125.2 = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,25.36,5}{7,3\%} = 125(gam)\\ V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{125}{1,2} = 104,17(ml)\)
Lập hệ phương trình ( Al là x , Mg là y )
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=15\\27x=\dfrac{36}{100}.15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 0,3
2Mg + 4HCl ---> 2MgCl2 + 2H2
0,4 0,4
\(\Sigma n_{H2\uparrow}=0,3+0,4=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H2\uparrow}=0,7.22,4=15,68\left(l\right)\)