Cho 500 ml dung dịch H2SO4 1M phản ứng với dung dịch NaOH 0,5M. Sau thí nghiệm, để phản ứng với axit dư, cần dùng 19,04 gam sắt.
a) Tính thể tích khí hidro bay ra (đktc).
b) Tính thể tích dung dịch NaOH đã dùng.
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nZn = 0,2 (mol)
nHCl = 0,5 (mol)
Zn + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) ZnCl2 + H2
bđ 0,2 0,5 (mol)
pư 0,2 \(\rightarrow\) 0,4 \(\rightarrow\) 0,2 -----> 0,2 (mol)
spư 0 .......0,1.....0,2...........0,2 (mol)
a) mZnCl2 = 27,2 (g)
b)VH2=4,48 (l)
c) NaOH + HCl \(\rightarrow\) NaCl + H2O
0,1 <--- 0,1 (mol)
VNaOH = \(\frac{0,1}{0,5}\) = 0,2 (l) = 200 ml
\(pt:zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
a,theo đề bài ta có : \(n_{zn}=\frac{13}{65}=0.2\left(mol\right),n_{hcl}=1.0,5=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
ta thấy hcl dư vì: \(\frac{n_{hcl}}{2}>\frac{n_{zn}}{1}\)
theo phương trình \(n_{zncl_2}=n_{zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{zncl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(mol\right)\)
b,\(n_{h_2}=n_{zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{hcl}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c,theo phương trình \(n_{hcl_{pu}}=2n_{zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{hcl_{du}}=n_{hcl_{bandau}}-n_{pu}=0,5-0,4=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(pt:NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=n_{hcl}=0.1\Rightarrow V_{dd}=\frac{0.1}{0.5}=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(a) 2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + H_2O\\ n_{NaOH} = 2n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,1.1.2 = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd\ NaOH} = \dfrac{0,2}{1} = 0,2(lít)\\ b) Na_2SO_3 + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + SO_2 + H_2O\\ n_{SO_2} = n_{Na_2SO_3} = \dfrac{12,6}{126} = 0,1(mol)\\ V_{SO_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,3 0,6 0,3 0,3
a) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{ZnCl2}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\)
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c) Pt : \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,6 0,6
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,6.1}{1}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,6.40=24\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{24.100}{20}=120\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\cdot1=0,4mol\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\)
0,8 0,4
\(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,5}=1,6l\)
Câu 7 :
\(n_{H2SO4}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
Câu 8 :
\(n_{H2SO4}=0,5.0,7=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{KOH}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,35=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,7.56}{12\%}.100\%=326,67\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{326,67}{1,15}=284,06\left(ml\right)\)
Câu 12 :
a) \(2Cu+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CuO\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(CuSO_4+Fe\rightarrow FeSO_4+Cu\downarrow\)
b) \(MgSO_4+2KOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+K_2SO_4\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(MgCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)
\(Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow MgCO_3+2NaNO_3\)
\(MgCO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+CO_2\)
c) \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(NaOH=HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(2NaCl+2H_2O\xrightarrow[cmn]{đpdd}2NaOH+H_2+Cl_2\)
\(Cl_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{as}2HCl\)
\(HCl+Fe\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow FeCl_2+BaSO_4\)
\(FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)
\(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+Mg\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Fe\)
e) \(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6KOH\rightarrow2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3K_2SO_4\)
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(Al\left(NO_3\right)_2+Mg\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Âl\)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
Bạn xem đề chỗ AlCl3 ra Al2(SO4)3 nhé
\(a.H_2SO_{\text{4}}+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\left(1\right)\\ H_2SO_4+Fe\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\left(2\right)\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,04}{56}=0,34\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,34\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,34.22,4=7,616\left(mol\right)\\ b.n_{H_2SO_4\left(2\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,34\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=0,5.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(1\right)}=0,5-0,34=0,16\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:n_{NaOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4 }=0,32\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,32}{0,5}=0,64\left(l\right)\)