Bài 1 : Tìm số nguyên dương n sao cho : \(n^3+2018n=2020^{2019}+4\)
Bài 2 : Cho đa thức \(P\left(x\right)=x^4-3x^3+5x^2-9x+6\)
1. Trong trường hợp x là 1 số nguyên dương. CMR : P( x ) ⋮ 6
2. Giải phương trình P ( x ) = 0
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\(\left[\left(x+1\right).\left(x+4\right)\right].\left[\left(x+2\right).\left(x+3\right)\right]-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+4\right).\left(x^2+5x+6\right)-24\)
Đặt m=x2+5x+4, ta có:
\(m.\left(m+2\right)-24=m^2+2m-24=m^2+6m-4m-24\)
\(=m.\left(m+6\right)-4.\left(m+6\right)=\left(m-4\right).\left(m+6\right)\)
Tự làm tiếp :v
\(1.a\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+4\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+5-1\right)\left(x^2+5x+5+1\right)-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+5\right)^2-1-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+5\right)^2-25\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+5+5\right)\left(x^2+5x+5-5\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+10\right)\left(x^2+5x\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+5\right)\left(x^2+5x+10\right)\)
\(b.x^4+4=x^4+4x^2+4-4x^2=\left(x^2+2\right)^2-4x^2=\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\)
\(2.a\) Đặt \(a=\frac{x+3}{x-2},b=\frac{x-3}{x+2}\)
Thay vào PT ta được:\(a^2+6b^2=7ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-7ab+6b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab-6ab+6b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a-b\right)-6b\left(a-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a-6b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\a-6b=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=b\\a=6b\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{x+3}{x-2}=\frac{x-3}{x+2}\\\frac{x+3}{x-2}=6.\frac{x-3}{x+2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(x+3\right)\left(x+2\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\\\left(x+3\right)\left(x+2\right)=\left(6x-18\right)\left(x-2\right)\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=1hayx=6\end{cases}}\) (bước kia dài bạn tự làm nhé)
\(C_2^2+C_3^2+...+C_n^2=C_3^3+C_3^2+C_4^2+...+C_n^2\) (do \(C_2^2=C_3^3=1\))
\(=C_4^3+C_4^2+C_5^2+...+C_n^2=C_5^3+C_5^2+...+C_n^2\)
\(=...=C_n^3+C_n^2=C_{n+1}^3\)
Do đó:
\(2C_{n+1}^3=3A_{n+1}^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2.\left(n+1\right)!}{3!.\left(n-2\right)!}=\dfrac{3.\left(n+1\right)!}{\left(n-1\right)!}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n-1=9\Rightarrow n=10\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1-x-3x^3\right)^{10}=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^k\left(-x-3x^3\right)^k\)
\(=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^k\left(-1\right)^k\left(x+3x^3\right)^k=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}\sum\limits^k_{i=0}C_{10}^kC_k^i\left(-1\right)^kx^i.3^{k-i}.x^{3\left(k-i\right)}\)
\(=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}\sum\limits^k_{i=0}C_{10}^kC_k^i\left(-1\right)^k.3^{k-i}.x^{3k-2i}\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le i\le k\le10\\i;k\in N\\3k-2i=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(i;k\right)=\left(1;2\right);\left(4;4\right)\)
Hệ số: \(C_{10}^2C_2^1\left(-1\right)^2.3^1+C_{10}^4C_4^4.\left(-1\right)^4.3^0=...\)
\(\Rightarrow he-so:\left[{}\begin{matrix}C^9_{10}C^1_9\left(-3\right)^{10-9}\left(-1\right)=270\\C^{10}_{10}C^4_{10}\left(-3\right)^{10-10}.\left(-1\right)^4=210\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 3
Với abc=1
Ta CM \(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}=1\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{a}{abc+ab+a}+\frac{ab}{a^2bc+abc+ac}\)
\(=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{ab}{ab+a+1}=1\)(ĐPCM)
Ta có \(\left(1+a\right)^2+b^2+5=\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2a+6\ge2ab+2a+6\)
=> \(\frac{\left(1+a\right)^2+b^2+5}{ab+a+4}=\frac{2ab+2a+6}{ab+a+4}=2-\frac{2}{ab+a+4}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{ab+a+4}=\frac{1}{ab+a+1+3}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)(do \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\))
=> \(\frac{\left(1+a\right)^2+b^2+5}{ab+a+4}\ge2-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{3}\right)=\frac{11}{6}-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{ab+a+1}\)
Khi đó
\(P\ge\frac{11}{2}-\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}\right)=\frac{11}{2}-\frac{1}{2}.1=5\)
\(MinP=5\)khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1 :
Gọi f( x ) = 2n2 + n - 7
g( x ) = n - 2
Cho g( x ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)n - 2 = 0
\(\Rightarrow\)n = 2
\(\Leftrightarrow\)f( 2 ) = 2 . 22 + 2 - 7
\(\Rightarrow\)f( 2 ) = 3
Để f( x ) \(⋮\)g( x )
\(\Rightarrow\)n - 2 \(\in\)Ư( 3 ) = { \(\pm\)1 ; \(\pm\)3 }
Ta lập bảng :
n - 2 | 1 | - 1 | 3 | - 3 |
n | 3 | 1 | 5 | - 1 |
Vậy : n \(\in\){ - 1 ; 1 ; 3 ; 5 }
6) Ta có
\(A=\frac{x^3}{y+2z}+\frac{y^3}{z+2x}+\frac{z^3}{x+2y}\)
\(=\frac{x^4}{xy+2xz}+\frac{y^4}{yz+2xy}+\frac{z^4}{zx+2yz}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{xy+2xz+yz+2xy+zx+2yz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{1}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)