tính tổng \(S=1.2+2.3+...+\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right)+\left(n-1\right)n\)
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Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{2n+1}{[n(n+1)]^2}=\frac{1}{n(n+1)}.\frac{2n+1}{n(n+1)}=\frac{n+1-n}{n(n+1)}.\frac{n+(n+1)}{n(n+1)}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
Do đó:
\(S=\frac{3}{(1.2)^2}+\frac{5}{(2.3)^2}+....+\frac{2n+1}{[n(n+1)]^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
\(k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)-\left(k-1\right)k\left(k+1\right)=k\left(k+1\right)\left[\left(k+2\right)-\left(k-1\right)\right]=3k\left(k+1\right)\)
Công thức tinh tổng là : \(S=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\)
\(k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)-\left(k-1\right)k\left(k+1\right)=k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2-k+1\right)=3k\left(k+1\right)\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
\(S=1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\)
3\(S=3\left[1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\right]\)
\(3S=1.2.3-0.1.2+2.3.4-1.2.3+...+n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\)
3S=n(n+1)(n+2)
\(S=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\)
Gọi A=1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+...+n(n+1)(n+2)
4A=1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+...+n(n+1)(n+2)
=> 4A=1.2.3(4-0)+2.3.4(5-1)+...+n(n+1)(n+2)[(n+3)-(n-1)]
=1.2.3.4-0.1.2.3+2.3.4.5-1.2.3.4+...+n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)-(n-1).n(n+1)(n+2)
=n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)
4A+1=n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)+1=n4+6.n3+11.n2+6n+1=(n2+3n+1)2
=>\(\sqrt{4A+1}\)=n2+3n+1
\(\Rightarrow S=1-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{9}+..+\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{n+1^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=1-\frac{1}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow S+\frac{n}{n+1}\)
đặt tổng này là S
ta có:
3S=3[1.2+2.3+...+(n-2)(n-1)+(n-1)n]
3S=1.2.3+2.3.3+...+(n-2)(n-1).3+(n-1)n.3
3S=1.2.(3-0)+2.3.(4-1)+...+(n-2)(n-1)[(n+3)-n]+(n-1).n.[(n-1)+(4-n)]
3S=1.2.3+2.3.4-1.2.3+...+(n-2)(n-1)(n+3)-(n-2)(n-1)n+n(n-1)+n(4-n)
3S=n(n-1)[(n-2)(n-1)(n+3)+n(4-n)]
S=n(n-1)[(n-2)(n-1)(n+3)+n(4-n)]:3
\(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
= \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
= 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{n+1}\) = \(\dfrac{n}{n+1}\)
Ta có : \(3S=1.2.\left(3-0\right)+2.3.\left(4-1\right)+...+\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right)\left[n-\left(n-3\right)\right]+\left(n-1\right)n.\left[\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-2\right)\right]\)
\(=1.2.3+2.3.4-1.2.3+3.4.5-2.3.4+....+\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right)n-\left(n-3\right)\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right)+\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right)n\)
\(=\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}{3}\)
Vậy : \(S=\frac{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}{3}\)