B= 1/3 + 1/3^2 +...+ 1/3^98 + 1/3^99
Chứng minh B<1/2
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\(S=\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{98}+\dfrac{1}{99}\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{50}>100\) \(\dfrac{1}{51}>100\) \(\dfrac{1}{52}>100\) \(....\) \(\dfrac{1}{98}>100\) \(\dfrac{1}{99}>100\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\dfrac{1}{100}+\dfrac{1}{100}+\dfrac{1}{100}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}+\dfrac{1}{100}\\ \) {50 số 100}
\(S>50\cdot\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(S>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{N}{2}=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}+\frac{1}{2^{100}}\)
\(\frac{N}{2}=N-\frac{N}{2}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^{100}}\Rightarrow N=1-\frac{1}{2^{99}}<1\)
\(\frac{B}{2}=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}+\frac{1}{2^{100}}\)
\(\frac{B}{2}=B-\frac{B}{2}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^{100}}< 1\)
B=1/2 +(1/2 )^2+(1/3 )^3+......+(1/2 )\(^{99}\)
⇒2B=1+1/2 +1/22 +......+1/298
⇒B=2B−B=1−1/2\(^{99}\)
⇒1−1/2\(^{99}\) <1⇒B<1
\(2B=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{98}}\)
=> \(2B-B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{98}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}\right)\)
=> \(B=1-\frac{1}{2^{99}}< 1\)
B = \(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)3B = \(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
Lấy 3B - B = \(\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)
2B = \(1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
B = \(\left(1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right):2\)
= \(\left(1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right).\frac{1}{2}\)
= \(1.\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}.\frac{1}{2}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3^{99}.2}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)