Cho a,b>0 thỏa mãn \(a+b\le1\). Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất:
\(P=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{3}{4a}\)
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1/ \(P=a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\)
\(=\left(a^2+\frac{1}{16a^2}\right)+\left(b^2+\frac{1}{16b^2}\right)+\frac{15}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{15}{16}.\frac{2}{ab}\)
\(\ge1+\frac{15}{8}.\frac{1}{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}\le1+\frac{15}{8}.\frac{1}{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{17}{2}\)
Ta thấy: \(a+b\le1\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a\le1-b\\b\le1-a\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}1+a\le2-b\\1+b\le2-a\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{1+b}\ge\frac{a}{2-a}\\\frac{b}{1+a}\ge\frac{b}{2-b}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b}+\frac{b}{1+a}\ge\frac{a}{2-a}+\frac{b}{2-b}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{a}{1+b}+\frac{b}{1+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{a}{2-a}+\frac{b}{2-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{2}{2-a}-1+\frac{2}{2-b}-1+\frac{1}{a+b}=\frac{2}{2-a}+\frac{2}{2-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}-2\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{2-a}+\frac{1}{2-b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}-1\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức sau: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2-a}+\frac{1}{2-b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{9}{4-\left(a+b\right)+2\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{9}{4+a+b}\)
Lại có: \(a+b\le1\Rightarrow4+a+b\le5\Rightarrow\frac{9}{4+a+b}\ge\frac{9}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2-a}+\frac{1}{2-b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{9}{5}\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{2-a}+\frac{1}{2-b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}-1\right)\ge\frac{8}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\frac{8}{5}.\)
Vậy \(Min_S=\frac{8}{5}.\)Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{2}{5}.\)
\(M=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{2}{ab}+4ab\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{4ab}+4ab+\frac{5}{4ab}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4ab}.4ab}+\frac{5}{4ab}\)
( Nếu đi thi thì sẽ phải chứng minh \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\) cái này nhân chéo và cô si là xong )
Ta có BĐT phụ: \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)( đúng )
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\frac{4}{1}+2+5=11\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=1/2
Vậy ...
\(Q=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+2012+\frac{1}{ab}+4ab.\)
Ta có \(M=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{ab}+4ab=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+8ab-4ab\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có
\(M\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2ab}.8ab}-\left(a+b\right)^2=7\)
=> \(Q\ge2012+7=2019\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy......
\(Q=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{2012ab+1}{ab}+4ab=\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}\right)+\left(4ab+\frac{1}{4ab}\right)+\frac{1}{4ab}+2012\)
Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y};\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\),ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}\ge\frac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}=\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{4}{1}=4\)
\(\left(4ab+\frac{1}{4ab}\right)^2\ge4.4ab\cdot\frac{1}{4ab}=4\Rightarrow4ab+\frac{1}{4ab}\ge2\)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{4}{1}=4\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4ab}\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge4+2+1+2012=2019\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=1/2