b2 Tìm số nguyên n để
a, 2n chia hết cho n+3
b, n chia hết cho n-1
c, n-1 chia hết cho 2n+3
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a, Ta có : \(\text{n + 5 = (n - 1)+6}\)
Vì \(\text{(n-1) ⋮ n-1}\)
Nên để \(\text{n+5 ⋮ n-1}\)⋮ `n-1`
Thì \(\text{6 ⋮ n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n - 1 ∈ Ư(6)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n - 1 ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{±1;±2;±3;±6}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{0;-1;-2;-5;2;3;4;7}\right\}\) \(\text{( TM )}\)
\(\text{________________________________________________________}\)
b, Ta có : \(\text{2n-4 = (2n+4)- 8 = 2(n+2) - 8}\)
Vì \(\text{2(n+2) ⋮ n+2}\)
Nên để \(\text{2n-4 ⋮ n+2}\)
Thì \(\text{8 ⋮ n+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n + 2 ∈ Ư(8)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n + 2 ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{±1;±2;±4;±8}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{-3;-4;-6;-10;-1;0;2;6}\right\}\) ( TM )
\(\text{_________________________________________________________________ }\)
c, Ta có :\(\text{ 6n + 4 = (6n + 3) +1 = 3(2n+1) + 1}\)
Vì \(\text{3(2n+1) ⋮ 2n+1}\)
Nên để\(\text{ 6n+4 ⋮ 2n+1}\)
Thì \(\text{1 ⋮ 2n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{2n + 1 ∈ Ư(1)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{2n + 1 ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{±1}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{2n ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{-2;0}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{-1;0}\right\}\) ( TM )
\(\text{_______________________________________}\)
Ta có : \(\text{3 - 2n = -( 2n - 3 ) = -( 2n + 2 ) + 5 = -2( n+1)+5}\)
Vì \(\text{-2(n+1) ⋮ n+1}\)
Nên để \(\text{3-2n ⋮ n+1}\)
Thì\(\text{ 5 ⋮ n + 1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n + 1 ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{±1;±5}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n ∈}\) \(\text{-2;-6;0;4}\) ( TM )
Bài 1:
$A=(n-1)(2n-3)-2n(n-3)-4n$
$=2n^2-5n+3-(2n^2-6n)-4n$
$=-3n+3=3(1-n)$ chia hết cho $3$ với mọi số nguyên $n$
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
$B=(n+2)(2n-3)+n(2n-3)+n(n+10)$
$=(2n-3)(n+2+n)+n(n+10)$
$=(2n-3)(2n+2)+n(n+10)=4n^2-2n-6+n^2+10n$
$=5n^2+8n-6=5n(n+3)-7(n+3)+15$
$=(n+3)(5n-7)+15$
Để $B\vdots n+3$ thì $(n+3)(5n-7)+15\vdots n+3$
$\Leftrightarrow 15\vdots n+3$
$\Leftrightarrow n+3\in\left\{\pm 1;\pm 3;\pm 5;\pm 15\right\}$
$\Rightarrow n\in\left\{-2;-4;0;-6;-8; 2;12;-18\right\}$
=>(n2+3n)+(3n+9)+2 chia hết cho n+3
=>n(n+3)+3(n+3)+2 chia hết cho n+3
=>(n+3)(n+3)+2 chia hết cho n+3
Mà (n+3)(n+3) chia hết cho n+3
=>2 chia hết cho n+3
=> n+3 thuộc Ư(2)={1;2;-1;-2}
=>n thuộc {-2;-1;-4;-5}
Để A nguyên
=>n2-3n+1 chia hết cho n+1
=>(n2-1)-(3n+3)+1+1-3 chia hết cho n+1
=>(n-1)(n+1)-3(n+1)-1 chia hết cho n+1
Mà (n-1)(n+1) và 3(n+1) chia hết cho n+1
=>1 chia hết cho n+1
=>n+1 thuộc Ư(1)={1;-1}
=>n thuộc {0;-2}
a: \(n^3-2⋮n-2\)
=>\(n^3-8+6⋮n-2\)
=>\(6⋮n-2\)
=>\(n-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;6;-6\right\}\)
=>\(n\in\left\{3;1;4;0;5;-1;8;-4\right\}\)
b: \(n^3-3n^2-3n-1⋮n^2+n+1\)
=>\(n^3+n^2+n-4n^2-4n-4+3⋮n^2+n+1\)
=>\(3⋮n^2+n+1\)
=>\(n^2+n+1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
mà \(n^2+n+1=\left(n+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>=\dfrac{3}{4}\forall n\)
nên \(n^2+n+1\in\left\{1;3\right\}\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}n^2+n+1=1\\n^2+n+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}n^2+n=0\\n^2+n-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}n\left(n+1\right)=0\\\left(n+2\right)\left(n-1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow n\in\left\{0;-1;-2;1\right\}\)