\(\Sigma\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge1\) | |
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Với dữ kiện đề bài \(a+b+c+2=abc\) ta đặt:
\(a=\frac{y+z}{x};b=\frac{x+z}{y};c=\frac{x+y}{z}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
BĐT<=> \(\sqrt{\frac{a^2-1}{a^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{b^2-1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{c^2-1}{c^2}}\le\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
<=> \(\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{a^2}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{c^2}}\le\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT buniacoxki cho VT ta có :
\(VT\le\sqrt{3.\left(3-\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{1}{b^2}-\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}\le\sqrt{3\left(3-\frac{3}{4}\right)}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=2
\(c\left(1+ab\right)\le c\left(1+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\right)=c\left(1+\dfrac{1-c^2}{2}\right)=1-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c-1\right)^2\left(c+2\right)\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow c^2\left(1+ab\right)\le c\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{1+ab}\ge c^2\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{1+bc}\ge a^2\) ; \(\dfrac{b}{1+ac}\ge b^2\)
Cộng vế: \(VT\ge a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
Cách 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\text{VT}[a(1+bc)+b(1+ac)+c(1+ab)]\geq (a+b+c)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a+b+c+3abc}\)
Ta sẽ CM:
\(\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a+b+c+3abc}\geq 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 1+2(ab+bc+ac)\geq a+b+c+3abc\)
Vì $a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow a,b,c\leq 1$
$\Rightarrow (a-1)(b-1)(c-1)\leq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow 1+ ab+bc+ac\geq a+b+c+abc(1)$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$ab+bc+ac\geq 3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2.abc}=3abc\geq 2abc(2)$
Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow 1+2(ab+bc+ac)\geq a+b+c+3abc$
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $(a,b,c)=(1,0,0)$ và hoán vị.
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}\ge1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a+2}+\dfrac{2}{b+2}+\dfrac{2}{c+2}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+2}+\dfrac{b}{b+2}+\dfrac{c}{c+2}\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2a}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2c}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+a+1}\ge\dfrac{1}{a^2+\dfrac{a^2+1}{2}+1}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(1-\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(1-\dfrac{a}{2}\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại: \(VT\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(3-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{2}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+ab}\)⇒\(\left(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\right)\ge0\)
\(\dfrac{ab-a^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}+\dfrac{ab-b^2}{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)\(\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\).vì ab≥0 nên sua ra đpcm
Với a,b,c là số thực dương nha mn