Cho tam giác ABC. Goi M,N,P lần lượt là các tâm của hình vuông dựng vào phía ngoài tam giác dựa trên các cạnh BC,CA,AB.
Chứng minh rằng: AN,BM,CP đồng quy
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Tứ giác EGCD có :
góc EBC = góc GCB = góc EGC = 90 độ
-> EGCB là hình chữ nhật
Mà P,Q,M,N lần lượt là đỉnh của 4 cạnh
->MNPQ là hình vuông
Gọi M là trung điểm BC ; N là điểm đối xứng với H qua M.
M là trung điểm của BC và HN nên BNCH là hình bình hành
\(\Rightarrow NC//BH\)
Mà \(BH\perp AC\Rightarrow NC\perp AC\)hay AN là đường kính của đường tròn ( O )
Dễ thấy OM là đường trung bình \(\Delta AHN\) suy ra \(OM=\frac{1}{2}AH\)
M là trung điểm BC nên OM \(\perp\)BC
Xét \(\Delta AHG\)và \(\Delta OGM\)có :
\(\widehat{HAG}=\widehat{GMO}\); \(\frac{GM}{GA}=\frac{OM}{HA}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\Delta AGH~\Delta MOG\left(c.g.c\right)\Rightarrow\widehat{AGH}=\widehat{MGO}\)hay H,G,O thẳng hàng
gọi E,F,T lần lượt là trung điểm của AB,CD,BD
Đường thẳng ME cắt NF tại S
Vì AC = BD \(\Rightarrow EQFP\)là hình thoi \(\Rightarrow EF\perp PQ\)( 1 )
Xét \(\Delta TPQ\)và \(\Delta SEF\)có : \(ME\perp AB,TP//AB\)
Tương tự , \(NF\perp CD;\)\(TQ//CD\)
\(\Rightarrow\Delta TPQ~\Delta SEF\)( Góc có cạnh tương ứng vuông góc )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{SE}{SF}=\frac{TP}{TQ}=\frac{AB}{CD}\)
Mặt khác : \(\Delta MAB~\Delta NCD\Rightarrow\frac{AB}{CD}=\frac{ME}{NF}\)( tỉ số đường cao = tỉ số đồng dạng )
Suy ra : \(\frac{ME}{NF}=\frac{SE}{SF}\)\(\Rightarrow EF//MN\)( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) suy ra \(MN\perp PQ\)
LẤY I LÀ TRUNG ĐIỂM CỦA BC, O LÀ TRUNG ĐIỂM CỦA AC
XÉT TAM GIÁC MAN VÀ TAM GIÁC IOF CÓ
OI = AB/2=AE/2=AM
OF=AN ( CÚNG LÀ ĐƯƠNG CAO CỦA TAM GIÁC ĐỀU)
GÓC FOI = GÓC MAN = 90 + GÓC A
=> TAM GIÁC MAN = TAM GIACC IOF ( C.G.C)
=> FI = DM
=> GÓC OFI = GÓC MNA
=> GÓC MND = GÓC ANC - GÓC MNA - GÓC DNC
= 90 - GÓC OFI - GÓC IFC
= 90 - 30 = 60
LẠI CÓ FI = ND/2
FI = MD
=> MD = ND/2
MÀ GÓC MND = 60
-> TAM GIÁC MND LÀ NỬ TAM GIÁC ĐỀU
=> DM VUÔNG GÓC DN