Hòa tan hoàn toàn 11,2g sắt kim loại cần dùng m gam dung dịch HCl 14,6%, sau phản ứng thấy thoát ra V lít khí(đktc). a.Tính m,V b.Tính C% dung dịch sau phản ứng
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a, \(m_{HCl}=150.7,3\%=10,95\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\)
b, \(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 3,6 + 150 - 0,15.2 = 153,3 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15.95}{153,3}.100\%\approx9,3\%\)
a, \(m_{HCl}=150.14,6\%=21,9\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,3.65=19,5\left(g\right)\)
b, \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 19,5 + 150 - 0,3.2 = 168,9 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.136}{168,9}.100\%\approx24,16\%\)
Bài 1: Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,008}{22,4}=0,045\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
__0,045__0,09____0,045___0,045 (mol)
a, Ta có: \(a=m_{Mg}=0,045.24=1,08\left(g\right)\)
b, \(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,09}{0,1}=0,9\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,045}{0,9}=0,05M\)
Bài 2:
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
a, Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 56y = 5,2 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=x+y\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ x + y = 0,15 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,2}.100\%\approx46,2\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx53,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{1}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Đáp án D
2Al + 6H+ → 2Al3+ + 3H2
0,1 ←0,3 ← 0,15
[Al(OH)4]- + 4H+→ Al3+ + 4H2O
0,125 ← (0,8 – 0,3)
Al + OH- + 3H2O →[Al(OH)4]- + 3/2 H2
0,125 ← 0,125 ← 0,125
⇒ m = (0,125 + 0,1).27 = 6,075 g
⇒V dd NaOH = 0,125/ 2 = 0,0625 lít
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100\cdot11,2\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 còn dư, KOH p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot174=17,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddKOH}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,4}{250}\cdot100\%=6,96\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{250}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
a) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{14,6}=100\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{FeCl2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=11,2+100-\left(0,2.2\right)=110,8\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{25,4.100}{110,8}=22,92\)0/0
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