1.Hòa tan 16g CuO vào 300g dung dịch HCL 7,3% thu được dung dịch A . Tính C% các chất tan trong dung dịch A
2.Cần dùng bao nhiêu gam dung dịch NaOH để trung hòa vừa đủ 200g dung dịch HCL 7,3% . Tính C% muối
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\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{192.7,3}{100.36,5}=0,384\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O
______0,384<-0,384->0,384____________(mol)
=> mNaOH = 0,384.40 = 15,36 (g)
=> \(m_{DD}=\dfrac{15,36.100}{20}=76,8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%\left(NaCl\right)=\dfrac{0,384.58,5}{76,8+192}.100\%=8,36\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{192.7,3\%}{100\%.36,5}=0,384(mol)\\ PTHH:NaOH+HCl\to NaCl+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=n_{HCl}=0,384(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m=m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,384.40}{20\%}=76,8(g)\\ n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=0,384(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,384.58,5}{76,8+192}.100\%=8,36\%\)
\(NaCl + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O\\ n_{HCl} = \dfrac{300.7,3\%}{36,5} = 0,6 > n_{NaOH} = \dfrac{200.4\%}{40} =0,2\to HCl\ dư\\ n_{HCl\ pư} = n_{NaCl} = n_{NaOH} = 0,2(mol)\\ n_{HCl\ dư} = 0,6 - 0,2 = 0,4(mol)\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 300 + 200 = 500(gam)\\ C\%_{NaCl} = \dfrac{0,2.58,5}{500}.100\% =2,34\%\\ C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,4.36,5}{500}.100\% = 2,92\%\)
PTHH: NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H2O
Ta có:
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{ddHCl}.C\%_{ddHCl}}{100\%}=\dfrac{300.7,3}{100\%}=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{m_{ddNaOH}.C\%_{ddNaOH}}{100\%}=\dfrac{200.4}{100\%}=8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH và đề bài, ta có:
\(\dfrac{n_{HCl\left(đề\right)}}{n_{HCl\left(PTHH\right)}}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}>\dfrac{n_{NaOH\left(đề\right)}}{n_{NaOH\left(PTHH\right)}}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
=> HCl dư, NaOH hết, tính theo nNaOH.
Chất có trong dung dịch sau khi phản ứng kết thúc là HCl dư và NaCl.
Theo PTHH và đề bài, ta có:
\(n_{HCl\left(phảnứng\right)}=n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=n_{HCl\left(banđầu\right)}-n_{HCl\left(phảnứng\right)}=0,6-0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
a)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
_____0,1<---0,2<-------0,1<---0,1
=> mHCl = 0,2.36,5 = 7,3 (g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{7,3.100}{7,3}=100\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = 0,1.24 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 102,2 (g)
\(C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,1.95}{102,2}.100\%=9,2955\%\)
b)
CTHH: AaOb
PTHH: \(A_aO_b+2bHCl->aACl_{\dfrac{2b}{a}}+bH_2O\)
____________0,2------->\(\dfrac{0,1a}{b}\)
=> \(\dfrac{0,1a}{b}\left(M_A+35,5.\dfrac{2b}{a}\right)=13,5\)
=> \(M_A=\dfrac{64b}{a}=\dfrac{2b}{a}.32\)
Nếu \(\dfrac{2b}{a}=1\) => MA = 32 (L)
Nếu \(\dfrac{2b}{a}=2\) => MA = 64(Cu)
Bài 14 :
\(a) n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80} = 0,1(mol)\\ CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O\\ n_{HCl} = 2n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%} = 100(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } CuCl_2\\ n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{CuCl_2} = 0,1.135 = 13,5(gam)\)
Bài 15 :
\(a) n_{Fe_2O_3} =\dfrac{4,8}{160} = 0,03(mol)\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = 3n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,09(mol)\\ m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,09.98}{9,8\%} = 90(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } Fe_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,03(mol)\\ m_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,03.400 = 12(gam)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,6}{56}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,35--> 0,7-----> 0,35--> 0,35
\(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{0,7.36,5.100\%}{7,3\%}=350\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=19,6+350-0,35.2=368,9\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127.0,35.100\%}{368,9}=12,05\%\)
a) \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=2.\dfrac{11,16}{62}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,32.40}{11,16+88,84}.100=12,8\%\)
b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{4,48}{56}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,08.22,4=1,792\left(lít\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,16.36,5}{7,3\%}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddsaupu}=4,48+80-0,08.2=84,32\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,08.127}{84,32}.100=12,05\%\)
\(1,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ Al_2O_3+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ 2,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{240.7,3\%}{100\%.36,5}=0,48(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}n_{HCl}=0,08(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,16(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,16.27=4,32(g)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,24(mol)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,16(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,16.133,5}{0,08.102+240-0,24.2}.100\%=8,62\%\)
1.
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
Mol: 0,05 0,1
b, \(C_{M_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1M\)
2.
a, \(m_{HCl}=200.7,3\%=14,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
b,\(m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
c, \(C\%_{ddCuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.135.100\%}{16+200}=12,5\%\)
1.
CuO + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\)CuCl2 + H2O
nCuO=\(\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
mHCl=\(300.\dfrac{7,3}{100}=21,9\left(g\right)\)
nHCl=\(\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Vì 0,4<0,6 nên HCl dư 0,2(mol)
mHCl dư=0,2.36,5=7,3(g)
Theo PTHH ta có:
nCuO=nCuCl2=0,2(mol)
mCuCl2=0,2.135=27(g)
C% dd HCl=\(\dfrac{7,3}{300+16}.100\%=2,3\%\)
C% dd CuCl2 =\(\dfrac{27}{300+16}.100\%=8,54\%\)
NaOH + HCl \(\rightarrow\)NaCl + H2O
mHCl=\(200.\dfrac{7,3}{100}=14,6\left(g\right)\)
nHCl=\(\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH ta có:
nNaOH=nHCl=nNaCl=0,4(mol)
mNaOH=0,4.40=16(g)
mNaCl=0,4.58,5=23,4(g)
C% NaCl=\(\dfrac{23,4}{200+16}.100\%=10,83\%\)