Tính
A=\(\dfrac{\dfrac{2017}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{3}+\dfrac{2017}{4}+...+\dfrac{2017}{2018}}{\dfrac{2017}{1}+\dfrac{2016}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}}\)
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\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{2}{2016}+\dfrac{3}{2015}+...+\dfrac{2016}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{1}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{2017}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2}{2016}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{2015}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2016}{2}+1\right)+1}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{2018}{2017}+\dfrac{2018}{2016}+\dfrac{2018}{2015}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2}+\dfrac{2018}{2018}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}\)
\(A=\dfrac{2018\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}=2018\)
a, Ta có: \(\dfrac{2016}{2017+2018}< \dfrac{2016}{2017}\)
\(\dfrac{2017}{2017+2018}< \dfrac{2017}{2018}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{2016+2017}{2017+2018}< B=\dfrac{2016}{2017}+\dfrac{2017}{2018}\)
Vậy A < B
b, Ta có: \(\dfrac{2017}{2016+2017}< \dfrac{2017}{2016}\)
\(\dfrac{2018}{2016+2017}< \dfrac{2018}{2017}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{2017+2018}{2016+2017}< N=\dfrac{2017}{2016}+\dfrac{2018}{2017}\)
Vậy M < N
Giải:
Ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{2016}{2017}+\dfrac{2017}{2018}+\dfrac{2018}{2019}\)
và \(Q=\dfrac{2016}{2017}+\dfrac{2017}{2018}+\dfrac{2018}{2019}\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2016}{2017}=\dfrac{2016}{2017}\\\dfrac{2017}{2018}=\dfrac{2017}{2018}\\\dfrac{2018}{2019}=\dfrac{2018}{2019}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2016}{2017}+\dfrac{2017}{2018}+\dfrac{2018}{2019}=\dfrac{2016}{2017}+\dfrac{2017}{2018}+\dfrac{2018}{2019}\)
Hay \(P=Q\)
Vậy ...
a) \(S=\dfrac{2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2017}}{1-2^{2017}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S=\dfrac{2\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2017}\right)}{1-2^{2017}}\)
\(2S=\dfrac{2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{2018}}{1-2^{2017}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S-S=S=\dfrac{2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{2018}}{1-2^{2017}}-\dfrac{2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2017}}{1-2^{2017}}\)
\(S=\dfrac{\left(2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{2018}\right)-\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2017}\right)}{1-2^{2017}}\)
\(S=\dfrac{2^{2018}-2}{1-2^{2017}}=\dfrac{-2\left(1-2^{2017}\right)}{1-2^{2017}}=-2\) vậy \(S=-2\)
Xét khai triển:
\(\left(1+x\right)^{2017}=C_{2017}^0+xC_{2017}^1+x^2C_{2017}^2+...+x^{2017}C_{2017}^{2017}\)
Lấy tích phân 2 vế:
\(\int\limits^1_0\left(1+x\right)^{2017}=\int\limits^1_0\left(C_{2017}^0+xC_{2017}^1+...+x^{2017}C_{2017}^{2017}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2^{2018}-1}{2018}=C_{2017}^0+\dfrac{1}{2}C_{2017}^1+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}C_{2017}^{2017}\)
Vậy \(S=\dfrac{2^{2018}-1}{2018}\)
Ta chứng minh được công thức \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4+2a^3b+a^2b^2+2ab^3+b^4}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(A=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2016^2}+\dfrac{1}{2017^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2017^2}+\dfrac{1}{2018^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+1+\dfrac{1}{2016}-\dfrac{1}{2017}+1+\dfrac{1}{2017}-\dfrac{1}{2018}\)
=>A là số hữu tỉ (ĐPCM)
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\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{2017}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{3}+\dfrac{2017}{4}+...+\dfrac{2017}{2018}}{\dfrac{2017}{1}+\dfrac{2016}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{2017}{1}+\dfrac{2016}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}\) là B
\(B=\dfrac{2017}{1}+\dfrac{2016}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}\\ =\dfrac{2017}{1}+1+\dfrac{2016}{2}+1+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}+1-2017\\ =\dfrac{2018}{1}+\dfrac{2018}{2}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2017}-2017\\ =\dfrac{2018}{2}+\dfrac{2018}{3}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2017}+\left(2018-2017\right)\\ =\dfrac{2018}{2}+\dfrac{2018}{3}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2017}+1\\ =\dfrac{2018}{2}+\dfrac{2018}{3}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2017}+\dfrac{2018}{2018}\\ =2018.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{2017}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{3}+...+\dfrac{2017}{2018}}{2018\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2017.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)}{2018.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2017}{2018}\)