Cho A= \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\) và B= \(\dfrac{2013}{51}+\dfrac{2013}{52}+\dfrac{2013}{53}+..+\dfrac{2013}{100}\)
Chứng minh rằng: \(\dfrac{B}{A}\) là một số nguyên
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a) $A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}$
$=>A=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}$
$=>A=(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99})-(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100})$
$=>A=(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100})-(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}.2)$
$=>A=(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{100})-(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50})$
$=>A=\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}$
b) Ta có : $A=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}$
$=>A=(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3})-(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5})-...-(\dfrac{1}{98}-\dfrac{1}{99})-\dfrac{1}{100}$
$=>A<1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{5}{6}$
Xét mẫu số : \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)(cộng 2 cái ngoặc đầu tiên và lấy 2 nhân với ngoặc thứ 3 thì đc kết quả như này)
\(=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}-1-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}-...-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+\dfrac{1}{53}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\)
Vậy thay kết quả của mẫu vừa tính đc vào E, ta có :
\(E=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+\dfrac{1}{53}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}}{\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}}=\) \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+\dfrac{1}{53}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}}{\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+\dfrac{1}{53}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}}=1\)
2, a-b=ab => a=ab+b => a=b(a+1)
thay a=b(a+1) vào a:b ta có: => b:b(a+1)=a+1
Theo bài ra ta có: a:b=a-b
=> a+1=a-b
=>-b=1
=> b=-1
Thay b=-1 vào a-b=ab ta có : a-(-1)=-a
=> a +1=-a
=>a=-1/2
Vậy a=-1/2. b=-1
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{30}+..+\dfrac{1}{9900}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{12}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{30}+...+\dfrac{1}{9900}\right)\)
\(A>\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{12}\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{7}{12}\left(1\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(A=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(A=\dfrac{5}{6}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(A< \dfrac{5}{6}\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{7}{12}< A< \dfrac{5}{6}\rightarrowđpcm\)
Ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+..........+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{30}+............+\dfrac{1}{99.100}>\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{12}=\dfrac{7}{12}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{12}\)\(\left(1\right)\)
Lại có :
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...........+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}\right)-.........-\left(\dfrac{1}{98}-\dfrac{1}{99}\right)-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \dfrac{5}{6}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{7}{12}< A< \dfrac{5}{6}\rightarrowđpcm\)
b: \(B=2013+\dfrac{2013}{3}+\dfrac{2013}{6}+\dfrac{2013}{10}+\dfrac{2013}{15}\)
\(=2013\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{15}\right)\)
\(=4026\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\)
\(=4026\cdot\dfrac{5}{6}=3355\)
Ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\)(1)
Lại có:
\(B\)\(=\dfrac{2013}{51}+\dfrac{2013}{52}+...+\dfrac{2013}{100}\)
\(=2013\left(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)(2)
Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{B}{A}=2013\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{B}{A}\) là số nguyên
Ta có:
A\(=\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+\dfrac{1}{5\cdot6}+....+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\)
=\(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
=\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{7}...\dfrac{1}{99}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{6}...\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
=\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)-2\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
=\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\)
Và:
B=\(\dfrac{2013}{51}+\dfrac{2013}{52}+...+\dfrac{2013}{100}\)
=\(2013\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{B}{A}=2013\)
Vậy\(\dfrac{B}{A}\)là một số nguyên