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Xét \(\Delta ABC\) có:
\(M\) là trung điểm \(AB\)
\(D\) là trung điểm \(BC\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(MD\) là đường trung bình của \(\Delta ABC\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(MD\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{1}{2}AC\) và \(MD\) //\(AC\)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{KM}+\overrightarrow{MD}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{NM}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{NA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AM}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\\ \Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KD}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
a.
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}+\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BM}\)
b.
\(\overrightarrow{AE}=3\overrightarrow{EM}=3\overrightarrow{EA}+3\overrightarrow{AM}\Rightarrow4\overrightarrow{AE}=3\overrightarrow{AM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BE}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AE}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{5}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{8}{5}\overrightarrow{BE}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) B, E, K thẳng hàng
câu 2 ( các kí hiệu vecto khi lm bài thỳ b tự viết nhé mk k viết kí hiệu để trả lời cho nhanh hỳ hỳ )
OA+ OB + OC = OA'+ OB' + OC'
<=> OA - OA' + OB - OB' + OC - OC' = 0
<=> A'A + B'B + C'C = 0
<=> 2 ( BA + CB + AC ) = 0
<=> 2 ( CB + BA + AC ) = 0
<=> 2 ( CA + AC ) = 0
<=> 0 = 0 ( luôn đúng )
câu 1 ( các kí hiệu vecto b cx tự viết nhá )
VT = OD + OC = OA + AD + OB + BC = OA + OB + AD + BC = BO + OB + AD + BC = 0 + AD + BC = AD + BC = VP ( đpcm)
Có \(\overrightarrow{MH}=-\overrightarrow{HM}=\dfrac{-1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{HB}+\overrightarrow{HC}\right)\);
\(\overrightarrow{MA}=-\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{-1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\).
Vì vậy:
\(\overrightarrow{MH}.\overrightarrow{MA}=\dfrac{-1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{HB}+\overrightarrow{HC}\right).\dfrac{-1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{HB}.\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{HB}.\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{HC}.\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{HC}.\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{CH}.\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BH}.\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\) (Do H là trực tâm tam giác ABC).
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\overrightarrow{CH}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)+\overrightarrow{BH}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{CH}.\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CH}.\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BH}.\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BH}.\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{CH}.\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BH}.\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\) ( do H là trực tâm tam giác ABC).
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\left(\overrightarrow{BH}+\overrightarrow{HC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}.\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{4}BC^2\).
a)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{IK}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{IB}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{IA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}\).
b) Theo câu a:
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\).