cho các số hữu tỉ x,y,z khác 0 thỏa mãn ĐK x+y+z=0
c/ m: A=1/x²+1/y²+1/z² là bình phương của một số hữu tỉ
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A=\(\frac{x^2y^2+x^2z^2+y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
Ta có:\(x^2y^2+x^2z^2+y^2z^2=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2-2\left(xyz\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)(do x+y+z=0)
Do đó A=\(\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=\left[\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{xyz}\right]^2\)
Nên A là số chính phương(ĐCCM)
Ta có: \(x+y=z\Rightarrow x=z-y\)
\(A=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2y^2+y^2z^2+x^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(z-y\right)^2y^2+y^2z^2+\left(z-y\right)^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{y^4+y^2z^2-2y^3z+y^2z^2+z^4+y^2z^2-2yz^3}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(y^4+2y^2z^2+z^4\right)-2yz\left(y^2+z^2\right)+y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(y^2+z^2\right)^2-2yz\left(y^2+z^2\right)+y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(y^2+z^2-yz\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}=\left|\dfrac{y^2+z^2-yz}{xyz}\right|\)
Là một số hữu tỉ do x,y,z là số hữu tỉ
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+0}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{2}{xy}+\dfrac{2}{yz}+\dfrac{2}{zx}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|\) là số hữu tỉ
3/ Ta có:
\(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2;y^2=\left(z+x\right)^2;z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=-c;b+c=-a;c+a=-b\)
\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
Ta có:
\(ax^2+by^2+cz^2=a\left(y+z\right)^2+b\left(z+x\right)^2+c\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=x^2\left(b+c\right)+y^2\left(c+a\right)+z^2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(ayz+bzx+cxy\right)\)
\(=-ax^2-by^2-cz^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax^2+by^2+cz^2=0\)
1/ Đặt \(a-b=x,b-c=y,c-z=z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)
Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}|x+2y-z|\ge0;\forall x,y,z\\\left(x-y+3z\right)^2\ge0;\forall x,y,z\\\left(z-1\right)^4\ge0;\forall x,y,z\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow|x+2y-z|+\left(x-y+3z\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^4\ge0;\forall x,y,z\)
Do đó \(|x+2y-z|+\left(x-y+3z\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}|x+2y-z|=0\\\left(x-y+3z\right)^2=0\\\left(z-1\right)^4=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+2y-z=0\\x-y+3z=0\\z=1\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+2y=1\\x-y=-3\\z=1\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-5}{3}\\y=\frac{4}{3}\\z=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy ...
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
Xét B=(y-z)2(z-x)2+(x-y)2(z-x)2+(x-y)2(y-z)2
Đặt a=(y-z)(z-x), b=(x-y)(z-x), c=(x-y)(y-z)
Ta có:B=a2+b2+c2=(a+b+c)2-2(ab+bc+ca)
=(a+b+c)2-2((x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(z-x + x-y + y-z)
=(a+b+c)2-0=(a+b+c)2
=[(y-z)(z-x)+(x-y)(z-x)+(x-y)(y-z)]2
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\text{[x-y)(z-x)+(x-y)(z-x)+(x-y)(y-z)]^2}}{\text{[(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)]^2}}\)
=> A là bình phương 1 số hữu tỉ