Cho a,b,c>0. Cmr:
\(\frac{a}{\sqrt{ab+b^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{bc+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{ac+c^2}}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
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b) Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\frac{b^2+3}{8}+\frac{a^2}{2}\)\(\ge\)\(4\sqrt[4]{\frac{a^4}{16}}=2a\)
\(\frac{b}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{c^2+3}{8}+\frac{b^2}{2}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{b^4}{16}}=2b\)
\(\frac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{a^2+3}{8}+\frac{c^2}{2}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{c^4}{16}}=2c\)
Cộng lại ta đươc:
\(2\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}\right)+\)\(\frac{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+9}{8}\)\(\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
⇒ \(2\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}\right)\ge\)\(6-\frac{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+9}{8}\)(1)
Lại có: \(a^2+1\ge2a\); \(b^2+1\ge2b\); \(c^2+1\ge2c\)
Suy ra \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)-3=3\)
Khi đó (1)⇔ \(2\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}\right)\ge\)\(6-\frac{5.3+9}{8}=3\)
⇒ \(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\left(a^2+3b^2\right)\left(1+3\right)\ge\left(a+3b\right)^2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+3b^2}\ge\frac{a+3b}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\sum\frac{ab}{\sqrt{a^2+3b^2}}\le2\sum\frac{ab}{a+3b}=2\sum\frac{ab}{a+b+b+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{8}\sum ab\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{3}{b}\right)=\frac{1}{8}\sum\left(3a+b\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
"=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
\(P=\sqrt{x^2+2y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+2z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+2x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(3x+3y+3z\right)\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\) hay \(a=b=c=3\)
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+abc\)
\(=abc+a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+abc+abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)( phân tích nhân tử các kiểu )
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\left(1\right)\)
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc};ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\)
\(\Rightarrow-abc\ge\frac{-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
Khi đó:\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
\(=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) có đpcm
a/ \(\frac{b}{b}.\sqrt{\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\frac{c}{c}.\sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\frac{a}{a}.\sqrt{\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{b}.\left(\frac{3b^2+a^2}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{c}.\left(\frac{3c^2+b^2}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{a}.\left(\frac{3a^2+c^2}{4}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)+\frac{3}{4}.\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta cần chứng minh
\(\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)+\frac{3}{4}.\left(a+b+c\right)\le\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Mà: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\)
Vậy có ĐPCM.
Câu b làm y chang.
Bạn tham khảo:
Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Bảo Trân - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(VT\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-a+b+b\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b^2}{c}-b+c+c\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c^2}{a}-c+a+a\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-a+b\right).b}+\sqrt{\left(\frac{b^2}{c}-b+c\right).c}+\sqrt{\left(\frac{c^2}{a}-c+a\right).a}\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{a^2}{b}=\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}+a-b=\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}+b+(a-2b)\geq 2\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+(a-2b)\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{b^2}{c}\geq 2\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+(b-2c)\)
\(\frac{c^2}{a}\geq 2\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}+(c-2a)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\sum \frac{a^2}{b}\geq 2\sum \sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}-(a+b+c)(1)\)
Mà theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=\sqrt{(a+b)^2-3ab}\geq \sqrt{(a+b)^2-\frac{3}{4}(a+b)^2}=\frac{a+b}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \sum \sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\geq \sum \frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c(2)\)
Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow \sum \frac{a^2}{b}\geq \sum \sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Bạn tham khảo:
Câu hỏi của Phạm Vũ Trí Dũng - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến
Đặt đẳng thức là A. Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{2b\left(a-b\right)}\le\frac{2b+\left(a+b\right)}{2}=\frac{a+3b}{2}\)
Từ đó: \(A\ge\frac{2a\sqrt{2}}{a+3b}+\frac{2b\sqrt{2}}{b+3c}+\frac{2c\sqrt{2}}{c+3a}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(M=\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Thật vậy, ta có: \(M=\frac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+3ca}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy ta được:
\(M\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{4}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{8}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì vậy: \(\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Từ đó ta có: \(A\ge\frac{2a\sqrt{2}}{a+3b}+\frac{2b\sqrt{2}}{b+3c}+\frac{2c\sqrt{2}}{c+3a}\ge2\sqrt{2}.\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Vậy đẳng thức xảy xa khi và chỉ khi a=b=c