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a)
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{Zn} = \dfrac{6,5}{65} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,1.136 = 13,6(gam)$
b)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,1} = 2M$
c)
CuO + H_2 \to Cu + H_2O$
$n_{CuO} = 0,125(mol) > n_{H_2} \to $ CuO$ dư
$n_{Cu} = n_{CuO\ pư} = n_{H_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{CuO\ dư} = 0,125 - 0,1 = 0,025(mol)$
$\%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{0,1.64}{0,1.64 + 0,025.80}.100\% = 76,2\%$
$\%m_{CuO} = 23,8\%$
)
Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2+H2Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2+H2
nZnCl2=nZn=6,565=0,1(mol)nZnCl2=nZn=6,565=0,1(mol)
mZnCl2=0,1.136=13,6(gam)mZnCl2=0,1.136=13,6(gam)
b)
nHCl=2nZn=0,2(mol)⇒CMHCl=0,20,1=2MnHCl=2nZn=0,2(mol)⇒CMHCl=0,20,1=2M
c)
CuO + H_2 \to Cu + H_2O$
nCuO=0,125(mol)>nH2→nCuO=0,125(mol)>nH2→ CuO$ dư
nCu=nCuO pư=nH2=0,1(mol)nCu=nCuO pư=nH2=0,1(mol)
nCuO dư=0,125−0,1=0,025(mol)nCuO dư=0,125−0,1=0,025(mol)
%mCu=0,1.640,1.64+0,025.80.100%=76,2%%mCu=0,1.640,1.64+0,025.80.100%=76,2%
%mCuO=23,8%
nHCl=0,6 mol
FeO+2HCl-->FeCl2+ H2O
x mol x mol
Fe2O3+6HCl-->2FeCl3+3H2O
x mol 2x mol
72x+160x=11,6 =>x=0,05 mol
A/ CFeCl2=0,05/0,3=1/6 M
CFeCl3=0,1/0,3=1/3 M
CHCl du=(0,6-0,4)/0,3=2/3 M
B/
NaOH+ HCl-->NaCl+H2O
0,2 0,2
2NaOH+FeCl2-->2NaCl+Fe(OH)2
0,1 0,05
3NaOH+FeCl3-->3NaCl+Fe(OH)3
0,3 0,1
nNaOH=0,6
CNaOH=0,6/1,5=0,4M
* Nếu trong TN2, kim loại không tan hết
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 0,04 (mol)
- Xét TN1:
- Nếu kim loại tan hết
\(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{3,1}{127}=\dfrac{31}{1270}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
\(\dfrac{31}{1270}\)<-\(\dfrac{31}{635}\)<----\(\dfrac{31}{1270}\)
Vô lí do \(\dfrac{31}{635}>0,04\)
=> Fe dư
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,02<-0,04---->0,02
=> \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,02.127=2,54\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=3,1-2,54=0,56\left(g\right)\)
=> \(a=0,56+0,02.56=1,68\left(g\right)\)
- Xét TN2:
Theo ĐLBTKL: a + b + 0,04.36,5 = 3,34 + 0,02.2
=> a + b = = 1,92 (g)
=> b = 0,24 (g)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,24}{24}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,01-------------->0,01-->0,01
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,01<-------------0,01<--0,01
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,01.95=0,95\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,01.127=1,27\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
* Nếu trong TH2, kim loại tan hết
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
x----------------->x------>x
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
y----------------->y---->y
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95x+127y=3,34\\x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-0,025\\y=0,045\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lí)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuCl_2}=270.10\%=27\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{27}{135}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\) ⇒ Fe hết, CuCl2 dư
PTHH: Fe + CuCl2 ---> FeCl2 + Cu
Mol: 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15
\(a=m_{Cu}=0,15.64=9,6\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{dd.sau.pứ}=8,4+270-9,6=268,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuCl_2dư}=\left(0,2-0,15\right).135=6,75\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuCl_2dư}=\dfrac{6,75.100\%}{268,8}=2,51\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15.127.100\%}{268,8}=7,09\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(V_{ddCuCl_2}=\dfrac{270}{1,35}=200\left(ml\right)=0,2\left(l\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{CuCl_2dư}}=\dfrac{0,2-0,15}{0,2}=0,25M\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15mol\)
\(m_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{270\cdot10\%}{100\%}=27g\Rightarrow n_{CuCl_2}=0,2mol\)
\(Fe+CuCl_2\rightarrow FeCl_2+Cu\)
0,15 0,2 0,15 0,15
\(a=m_{Cu}=0,15\cdot64=9,6g\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15\cdot127=19,05g\)
\(m_{ddFeCl_2}=8,4+270-0,15\cdot64=268,8g\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{19,05}{268,8}\cdot100\%=7,09\%\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{9,3}{62}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
0,15 0,3 (mol)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,3.40=12\left(g\right)\)
\(m_A=90,7+9,3=100\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
b/
m\(_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{16.200}{100}=32\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{152}=\dfrac{4}{19}\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+FeSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
bđ: 0,3 \(\dfrac{4}{19}\) 0 0 (mol)
pư: 0,3 0,15 0,15 0,15 (mol)
dư: 0 \(\dfrac{23}{380}\) (mol)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,15.90=13,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_C=100+200-13,5=286,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,15.142=21,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{21,3}{286,5}.100\%\approx7,4\%\)
\(m_{FeSO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{23}{380}.152=9,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,2}{286,5}.100\%\approx3,2\%\)
Bài 9:
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6\%.100}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,4-2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\underrightarrow{ }CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(nCaCO_3=\dfrac{15}{100}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(nHCl=\dfrac{20.36,5}{100.36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Vậy \(CaCO_3\) dư
a. Rắn B là: CaCO3 dư
\(nCaCO_3\) phản ứng là: 0,2:2 = 0,1 (mol)
\(nCaCO_3\) dư : 0,05 (mol)
Khối lượng rắn CaCO3 là : 0,05.100 = 5 (g)
b. Theo PTHH em dễ dàng tính được nồng độ dd B (CaCl2):
Khối lượng CaCl2: 0,1.111 = 11,1(g)
Khối lượng khí CO2: 0,1.44 = 4,4 (g)
Khối lượng dd sau phản ứng:
15+20 - 5 - 4,4 = 25,6 (g)
Nồng độ % dung dịch CaCl2: \(\dfrac{11,1}{25,6}.100\%=43,36\%\)
c. Thể tích CO2 ở đtc:
0,1.24,79 = 2,479 (l)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{15}{100}=0,15mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{20.36,5}{100.36,5}=0,2mol\\ CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ \rightarrow\dfrac{0,15}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{2}=>CaCO_3.dư\\ n_{CaCO_3pư}=n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1mol\\ a.m_B=m_{CaCO_3.dư}=\left(0,15-0.1\right).100=5g\\ b.m_{dd}=0,1.100+20-0,1.44=25,6g\\ C_{\%CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111}{25,6}\cdot100=43.36\%\\ c.ddC?\)