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Bài 1:Tìm x,y biết:
a)\(x^2-6x+y^2+10y+34\)
=>\(\left(x^2-2.x.3+3^2\right)+\left(y^2+2.y.5+5^2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+5\right)^2=0\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\y+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=x^2+4y^2+15-6x-8y\)
\(A=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+\left(\left(2y\right)^2-8y+4\right)-9-4+15\)
\(A=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(2y-2\right)^2+2\)
Có \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)với mọi x
\(\left(2y-2\right)^2\ge0\)với mọi y
Do đó \(A\ge2\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của A là 2 đạt được \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-3\right)^2=0\\\left(2y-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=1\end{cases}}}\)
Câu b làm tương tự bạn sẽ tìm được giá trị nhỏ nhất của B là 4 đạt được \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{5}{2}\\y=\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}\)
\(A=x^2+4y^2+15-6x-8y\)
\(A=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+\left(\left(2y\right)^2-8y+4\right)-9-4+15\)
\(A=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(2y-2\right)^2-8y+4-9-4+15\)
\(c\text{ó}\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0-v\text{ới}-m\text{ọi}-x\)
Ta sẽ tạo các tổng bình phương như sau:
\(PT\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+\left(9y^2-6y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2=0\)(1)
Do \(\left(2x-1\right)^2\ge0;\left(3y-1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2\ge0\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x-1=0\\3y-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}}\)
\(a,4x^2+9y^2+4x-24y+17=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)+\left(9y^2-24y+16\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-4\right)^2=0\)
\(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0;\left(3y-4\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x+1\right)^2=0\\\left(3y-4\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x+1=0\\3y-4=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{4}{3}\end{cases}}}\)
1) \(4x^2-12x+y^2-4y+13\)
\(=\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.3+3^2\right]+\left(y^2-2.2y+4\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-3\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\)
2) \(x^2+y^2+2y-6x+10\)
\(=\left(x^2+2y+1\right)+\left(y^2-6x+9\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2\)
3) \(4x^2+9y^2-4x+6y+2\)
\(=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+\left(9y^2+6y+1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(3y+1\right)^2\)
4) \(y^2+2y+5-12x+9x^2\)
\(\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+\left(9x^2-12x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(y+1\right)^2+\left(3x-2\right)^2\)
5) \(x^2+26+6y+9y^2-10x\)
\(=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)+\left(9y^2+6y+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)^2+\left(3y+1\right)^2\)
1) \(4x^2+4x+6y+9y^2+2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)+\left(9y^2+6y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y+1\right)^2=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x+1\right)^2=0\\\left(3y+1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=0\\3y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1\\3y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{-1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy \(x=\dfrac{-1}{2};y=\dfrac{-1}{3}\)
2) \(25x^2+9y^2-10x+12y+5=0\Leftrightarrow\left(25x^2-10x+1\right)+\left(9y^2+12y+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5x-1\right)^2+\left(3y+2\right)^2=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(5x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(3y+2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x-1=0\\3y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=1\\3y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{5}\\y=\dfrac{-2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy \(x=\dfrac{1}{5};y=\dfrac{-2}{3}\)
3) \(9x^2+4y^2+12x-8y+17=0\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2+12x+4\right)+\left(4y^2-8y+4\right)+9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+2\right)^2+\left(2y-2\right)^2+9=0\)
ta có : \(\left(3x+2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) và \(\left(2y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left(3x+2\right)^2+\left(2y-2\right)^2+9\ge9>0\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\) phương trình vô nghiệm
4x^2+9y^2+20x-6y+26=0
<=> 4x^2+20x+25+9y^2-6y+1=0
<=> (2x+5)^2+(3y-1)^2=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x+5=0\\3y-1=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-5}{2}\\x=\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}\)
vậy S={-5/2;1/3}