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1.
a, \(Na+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b, \(2Na+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2.
a, \(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
b, \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
a. sắt + axit clohydric -> sắt(II) clorua + hidro
b. \(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(N_{HCl}:N_{FeCl_2}:N_{H_2}=2:1:1\\ c.BTKL:m_{ddHCl}=205,4+0,2-5,6=200\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: FeCl3 + 3KOH → Fe(OH)3 + 3KCl
b) Theo ĐLBTKL ta có:
\(m_{FeCl_3}+m_{KOH}=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}+m_{KCl}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{FeCl_3}=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}+m_{KCl}-m_{KOH}=2,14+4,47-3,36=3,25\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,3 0,6 0,3 0,3
\(FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+2AgCl\)
0,3 0,6
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\\b=0,6.143,5=86,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=150.1,2=180\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{180}=12,17\%\\C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Cl_2+H_2\underrightarrow{as}2HCl\)
\(Na_2O+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O\)
\(2NaCl+2H_2O\underrightarrow{đpcmn}2NaOH+H_2+Cl_2\)
\(3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
a) \(PTHH:Fe+HCL\) → \(FeCl_2+H_2\)
Cân bằng: \(Fe+2HCl\) → \(FeCl_2+H_2\)
b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Fe}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=n.M=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=n.22,4=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+2H_2O\)