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Exercise 1: Choose the correct answers.
1. He got wet he forgot his umbrella.
A. because of B. because C. but D. and
2. He stops working heavy raining.
A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life their poverty.
A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Jill and Jolly were happy it was their both birthday party that day.
A. because B. even though C. spite of D. Despite
5. Nobody could hear her she spoke too quietly.
A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early the party was boring.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
7. We all feel sad the bad news
A. because B. because of C. though D. despite
8. John lost his job his laziness.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
9. We can't go to Julia's party we're going away that weekend.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. Nam was absent from class yesterday he felt sick.
A. so B. because C. although D. but
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answers.
1. The boy can’t reach the shelf he’s not tall enough.
A. because B. although C. even though D. and
2. She couldn’t unlock it she had the wrong key.
A. while B. but C. though D. because
3. Nam failed the final exam he was lazy.
A. while B. though C. because D. but
4. We watched TV the whole evening we had nothing better to do.
A. because B. though C. so D. but
5. We didn’t go for a walk it was very cold.
A. though B. because C. but D. so
6. They decided not to go out for a meal they were too tired.
A. so B. because C. but D. if
7. I’m learning English I want to get a better job.
A. or B. because C. therefore D. but
8. Last night we came to the show late the traffic was terrible.
A. although B. despite C. and D. because
9. Lan couldn’t pass the exam she is too lazy.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A. because B. because of C. despite D. so
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. We delayed our trip BECAUSE OF the bad weather.
2. Sue’s eyes were red BECAUSE she had been crying.
3. My mother is always complaining BECAUSE OF the untidiness of my room.
4. The water in most river is unsafe to drink BECAUSE it’s polluted.
5. The trees were bend over BECAUSE OF the wind.
6. You can’t enter this secure areas BECAUSE you don’t have an official permit.
7. It’s unsafe to travel in that country BECAUSE OF the ongoing civil war.
8. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted BECAUSE OF the extreme heat.
9. Mark didn’t go to work yesterday BECAUSE he didn’t feel well.
10. We couldn’t get into the disco BECAUSE OF the enormous crowd.
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. I went home early BECAUSE I was feeling unwell.
2. We decided not to go out for a meal BECAUSE we were simply too tired.
3. I couldn’t get to sleep BECAUSE OF the noise.
4. He only accepted the job BECAUSE OF the salary, which was very high.
5. Sarah can’t climb up the tree BECAUSE OF her fear of heights.
6. BECAUSE OF his age, John was not hired ALTHOUGH he had the necessary qualifications.
7. Mary came to class late BECAUSE her motorbike had a puncture.
8. Sandy didn’t go to school yesterday BECAUSE she was sick.
9. She went to bed early BECAUSE OF her tiredness.
10. I couldn’t do the test BECAUSE it was too difficult.
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using because/because of
1. He didn’t come because of his sickness.
BECAUSE HE WAS SICK, He didn’t come
2. The train was late because the fog was thick.
BECAUSE OF THE THICK FOG, The train was late
3. The plane couldn’t take off because of the bad weather.
BECAUSE THE WEATHER WAS BAD, The plane couldn’t take off
4. He left the school because his family was poor.
BECAUSE OF HIS FAMILY'S POVERTY,The plane couldn’t take off
5. We couldn’t study because of the noise.
BECAUSE IT WAS TOO NOISE, We couldn’t study
6. I didn’t go swimming because it was cold.
BECAUSE OF THE COLD, I didn’t go swimming
7. These students arrive late because of the bad traffic.
BECAUSE THE TRAFFIC WAS BAD, These students arrive late
8. Mary can’t sleep because she has drunk a cup of strong coffee.
BECAUSE OF DRINKING A CUP OF STRONG COFFEE, MARY CAN'T SLEEP
9. Because of getting up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
BECAUSE HE GOT UP EARLY, he wasn’t late for the first train.
V.Write a sentence for each of the following situation, using USED TO or DIDN'T USE TO.
2, When Barbara was Italy, she stayed with an Italian family.
When Barbara was in Italy, she used to stay with an Italian family.
3, I quite like drinking coffee in the morning although i wasn'n keen on it when i was younger.
I didn't use to keen on drinking coffee when I was younger.
4, We seem to have lost interest in our work.
We didn't use to lose interest in our work.
5, i don't mind traveling by train now.
I didn't use to travel by train.
6, I went to the church when i was a child.
I used to go to the church when i was a child.
7, since we lived in the countryside, we've been much happier.
We used to be unhappy when we lived in the city.
8, M.r Michael grew tulips but he doean't any more.
Mr. Michael used to grow tulips.
9, i prefer listening to classical music now although when i was young, i can't stand it.
I used to prefer listening to classical music when I was young.
10, my sister looked so fat when she returned from Paris.
My sister didn't use to look so fat before she returned from Paris.
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness,they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝Because of the cold weather,I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝Because of I can't sleep the traffic jam,we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝Because of her tiredness ,she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝Because The test is difficult, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝Because of a storm,they đin't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝Because of being noisy outside,I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝Because of his good conduct ,all the teacher love him
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝Because of not getting up early, she missedthe first bus
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝Because of a strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝Because of the crowded streets ,we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝Because of her mother's sickness,She worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝Because of her sickness,She didn't go to school
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝Because of the careless driver ,the accident happened
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝Because of the broken door , we decied to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝Because of my friend's absence , I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of being clever, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝In spite of being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝In spite of having good salary,He is unhappy
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness, they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝ Because of the cold weather, I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝ Because of the traffic jam, we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝ Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝ Because of the difficult test, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝ Because of the storm, they didn't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝ Because of the noise outside, I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝ All the teacher love him because of his good conduct
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝ She missed the first bus because of not getting up early
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝ Because of the strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝ Because of the crowded streets, we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝ Because of her mother's sickness, she worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝ She didn't go to school because of her sickness
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝ Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝ The accident happened because of the careless driver
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝ Because of the broken door, we decided to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝ Because of my friend's absence, I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of her cleverness, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝ Despite being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝ Inspite of his good salary, he is unhappy
I. Rewrite the following sentences
1. My father often walks in the park with my mother every morning
=> My father often has a walk in the park with my mother every morning.
2. They seldom went to the cinema last year
=> Seldom went they to the cinema last year.
3. We didn't intend to go for a walk with them
=> We had not intention to go for a walk with them.
4. He doesn't smoke anymore, but he smoked a lot 2 year ago
=> He used to smoke a lot 2 years ago but he doesn't anymore.
5. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges
=> Apples are not usually as expensive as oranges.
6. My salary is high but his is very high
=> His salary is higher than my salary.
7. I can't cook as well as my mother does
=> My mother cooks better than I do.
8. Unless it stops raining, we won't go out
=> If it doesn't stop raining, we won't go out.
9. She didn't cook as well as you did
=> You cooked better than she does.
10. Unless someone has a key, we can't get into the house
=> We can only get into the house if someone has the key
11. Because of being careful, she didn't make any mistakes in her answers
=> Because she was careful, she didn't make any mistakes in her answers.
12. She said ''I'll spend my holiday in Italy next year''
=> She said that she would spend her holiday in Italy the next year.
13. She didn't buy it because the price was too high
=> Because of the high price, she didn't buy it.
14. We didn't go on holiday because we didn't have enough mone
=> If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday.
15. The question was so difficult that we can't answer it
=> The question was too difficult for us to answer.
II. Write the following sentences as directed
1. She has just completed the picture. The composition of the picture was suggested by me
=> The picture whose composition was suggested by me has just been completed.
2. Such a situation should never again be allowed to arise
=> Never again should never such a situation again be allowed to arise.
3. If you want to make your life worth living, make yourself useful
=> Making youself useful in order to make your life worth living.
4. They said he had left Paris secretly in his private car
=> It was said that he had left Paris secretly in his private car.
5. Tom didn't do his test well because he didn't study his lessons carefully
=> If Tom had studied his lessons carefully, he would have done his test well.
6. They had such a good crop that they decided to give a party
=> The crop was so good that they decided to give a party.
7. He made a great discovery. He took pride in it
=> He took pride in having made a great discovery.
8. You may be intelligent, but you should be careful about this
=> No matter how intelligent you are, you should be careful about this.
9. He asked me if I was ready to carry out other assignments
=> He said to me ''Are you ready to carry out other assignments ?''
10. ''Which of you has put the ink on my chair?'' The teacher said
=> The teacher asked me which of me had put the ink on her chair.
VII. Write a sentence with if... for each situation. Use a type 2 conditional ( if+ the past tense + would/ could)
1. we don't visit you very often because you live so far away
-> If you didn't live so far away, we would visit you very often
2. Sandra can't take a photo because she hasn't got her camera
-> If Sandra had got her camera, she could take a photo
3. She buys a lot of clothes, so she has no money
-> If she didn't buy a lot of clothes, she wouldn't have no money
4. I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can't meet you
-> If I didn't have to work tomorrow evening, I could meet you
5. It's raining, so we can't have lunch in the garden
-> If it weren't raining, we could have lunch in the garden6. I'm often tired in the morning because i go to bed late
-> If I didn't go to bed late, I wouldn't be often tired in the morning
7. we haven't got a calculator, so we can't work this out quicker
-> If we had got a calculator, we could work this out quicker
8. nick can't find the way because he hasn't got a map
-> If Nick got a map, he could find the way
9. David has so many accidents because he's so clumsy
-> If David weren't so clumsy, he wouldn't have so many accidents
10. I don't write to my friends because i'm so busy
-> If I weren't so busy, I would write to my friends
11. Susan hasn't got a watch, so she's often late for work
-> If Susan got a watch, she wouldn't be often late for work
12. He coughs a lot of because he smokes forty cigarettes a day
-> If he didn't smoke forty cigarettes a day, he wouldn't cough a lot
13. They don't have a garden. They don't grow vegetable
-> If they had a garden, they would grow vegetable
14. I don't have a boat. I won't sail around the world
-> If I had a boat, I would sail around the world
Adjective or adverb? Circle the correct word in each pair.
1. Edward felt sleepy/ sleepily after a big meal.
2. The theatre got quiet/ quietly when the movie began.
3. Leroy smiled cheerful/ cheerfully when the teacher gave him his grade.
4. That car looks quite comfortable/ comfortably
5. She tasted the spaghetti sauce careful/ carefully because it was very hot.
6. He grew more and more angry/angrily as she told him the story.
7. Marsha sighed heavy/ heavily at the thought of all the work she had to do.
8. A trip to the country sounds wonderful/ wonderfully.
9. They sounded alarm loud/ loudly when they smelled the smoke of the fire.
10. When her dog died, she cried very hard/ hardly for half an hour
11. The sun was shining bright/ brightly when we arrived at the beach.
12. You haven't cleaned the floor proper/properly. It's still dirty/ dirtily.
13. There was a terrible/ terribly accident on this road two days ago. Two people was killed and the driver of the car was serious/ seriously injured.
14. Rose seemed very unhappy/unhappily. She smiled sad/ sadly at me when she saw me.
15. He plays the piano very good/ well for someone of his age. He is a good/ well young pianist.
Match the two halves of the sentence. Then write the full sentence, using the word in bracket.
I.Write a sentences for each of the following,using used to or didn't use to
1.I had a lot of money but I lost it all when my business failed
i used to have a lot of money........................................
2.I quite like classical music now,althought I wasn't keen on it when I was younger
i used to like classical music when i was younger................................................
3.I seem to have lost interest in my work
i used to have lost interest in my work......................................
4.My brother had his hair cut short when he joined the army
my brother used to have his hair cut short when he joined the army..................................................
5.Dennis gave up smoking three years ago
Dennis used to smoke ........................................
6.My parents lived in the USA when they were young
My parents used to live in the usa when they were young...........................................
7.Jim was my best friend,but we aren't friends any more
Jim used to be my best friend.................................................
8.When he was younger,my uncle was a national swimming champion
.My uncle used to be a national swimming champion when he was younger.....................................
9.I eat ice-cream now,but I disliked eating it when I was a child
i didn't use to eat ice-cream when i was a child but now i like eat.............................................
10.I don't mind air travel now that I can afford First Class
i used to mind air travel ......................................................
I.Write a sentences for each of the following,using used to or didn't use to
1.I had a lot of money but I lost it all when my business failed
....I USED TO HAVE A LOT OF MONEY BEFORE my business failed .........
2.I quite like classical music now,althought I wasn't keen on it when I was younger
.....I DIDN'T USE TO BE KEEN ON CLASSICAL MUSIC WHEN I WAS YOUNGER.......
3.I seem to have lost interest in my work
......I USED TO BE INTERESTED IN MY WORK........
4.My brother had his hair cut short when he joined the army
.....MY BROTHER USED TO HAD his hair cut short when he joined the army......
5.Dennis gave up smoking three years ago
.....DENNIS USED TO SMOKE.......
6.My parents lived in the USA when they were young
.......MY PARENTS USED TO LIVE IN THE USA.......
7.Jim was my best friend,but we aren't friends any more
......JIM USED TO BE MY BEST FRIEND....
8.When he was younger,my uncle was a national swimming champion
.....MY UNCLE USED TO BE a national swimming champion........
9.I eat ice-cream now,but I disliked eating it when I was a child
.........I USED TO HATE EATING ICE-CREAM....
10.I don't mind air travel now that I can afford First Class
........I USED TO MIND AIR TRAVEL.....
II.Rewite these sentences,using used to or a suitable tense of be(not) used to1.John still finds the cold weather difficult
.......JOHN ISN'T USED TO the cold weather ..........
2.Did you go to church on Sundays when you were young ?
......DID YOU USED TO GO to church on Sundays .....
3.When Barbara was in Italy ,she stayed with an Italian family
......BARBARA USED TO STAY with an Italian family.......
4.It is Christ's habit to drive to work every day
....CHRIST IS USED TO DRIVING TO WORK EVERY DAY............
5.Mr.Michael grew tulips but he doesn't any more
..MR MICHAEL USED TO GROW TULIPS......
6.I can't do without fresh coffee.I drink it every day
......I AM USED TO DRINKING FRESH COFFEE........
7.My mother works in a modern office,but she finds it strange to use a computer
........MY SISTER ISN'T USED TO USING A COMPUTER....
8.Archie didn't fight with Lulu,in the past
..........ARCHIE DIDN'T USE TO FLY WITH LULU.......
9.Frank lives alone.He doesn't mind this because he has lived alone for 15 years
....FRANK IS USED TO LIVING ALONE......
10.I find it difficult to get up early
.......I AMN'T USED TO GETTING UP EARLY......
1) My father hasn’t smoked for over three years now. (gave) ............my father gave up smoking over three years ago.....................................................................................
2) The meeting has been postponed until next Friday. (put) .............the meeting has been put off until next Friday.......................................................................................
3) There isn’t enough space in this room for a big cupboard. (take) .......... A big cupboard would take much more than the space in this room....................................................................................................................................................................................
4) His recovery was slow. (get) ........it took him a long time to get over....................................................................................................................................
Viết lại câu :
1. He stopped working because of having a headache
--> Because he had a headache , he stopped working
2. Mark stopped working because he felt tired ( Rewrite the sentence using " because of ")
=> Because of feeling tired , Mark stopped working
3. The farmers have cut a lot of trees for firewood ( Rewrite the sentence into the passive voice)
=> A lot of trees have been cut for firewood by the farmers
4. It's nearly twenty years since my father saw his brother
--> My father hasn't seen his brother for nearly twenty years
5. Barbara staged with an Italian family when she was in Italy. ( Rewrite the sentence using " used to ")
=> Barbara used to stage with an Italian family when she was in Italy.
#Yumi