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b/ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
\(=\sqrt{n+1}-1\)
Câu a quy đồng từ từ từ phải qua trái là ra
a) Trục căn thức ở mỗi số hạng của biểu thức A,ta có:
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2008}}\)=\(\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}}{1-2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}{2-3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{3-4}-...+\frac{\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2008}}{2007-2008}\)
= \(-\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)-\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+...-\left(\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2008}\right)\)
=\(-1-\sqrt{2008}\)
b)Ta xét số hạng tổng quát: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}\)=\(\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)=\(\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)=\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng vào biểu thức B ta được:
B= \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{120}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{121}}=1-\frac{1}{11}\)= \(\frac{10}{11}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2008}}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{4}}-....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2006}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2008}-\sqrt{2007}}\)
\(=\frac{-1\cdot\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}\right)}{2-1}+\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}{3-2}-\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}\right)}{4-3}+\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{4}\right)}{5-4}-...+\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2006}\right)}{2007-2006}-\frac{1 \left(\sqrt{2008}+\sqrt{2007}\right)}{2008-2007}\)
\(=-1-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}-...+\sqrt{2006}+\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2008}\)
\(=-1-\sqrt{2008}\)
Với a , b , c là số hữu tỉ t/m a = b + c ta luôn có \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}=\left|\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}\right|\)
Thật vậy : \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}\right)^2-2\left(\frac{1}{bc}-\frac{1}{ac}-\frac{1}{ab}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}\right)^2-\frac{2.abc\left(a-b-c\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}}\)(quy đồng lên )
\(=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}\left(\text{do a-b-c=0}\right)\)
\(=\left|\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}\right|\)
Áp dụng ta được \(S=\left|\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{1}-1\right|+\left|\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{2}-1\right|+...+\left|\frac{1}{100}-\frac{1}{99}-1\right|\)
\(=1+1-\frac{1}{2}+1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+1+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{99}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
(có 99 số 1)
\(=99+1-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(=100-\frac{1}{100}=\frac{9999}{100}\)
\(S=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{3-1}+\frac{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}}{5-3}+\frac{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}}{7-5}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2019^2}-\sqrt{2019^2-2}}{2019^2-\left(2019^2-2\right)}\)
\(S=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}}{2}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2019^2}-\sqrt{2019^2-2}}{2}\)
\(S=\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{3}-1+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}+...+\sqrt{2019^2}-\sqrt{2019^2-2}\right)\)
\(S=\frac{1}{2}\left(-1+\sqrt{2019^2}\right)\)
\(S=\frac{\left(2019-1\right)}{2}=1009\)
\(S=\frac{1-\sqrt{3}}{1-3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{5}}{3-5}+\frac{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{7}}{5-7}+...+\frac{2019-\sqrt{2019^2-2}}{2019^2-2019^2-2}.\)
\(S=\frac{1-\sqrt{3}}{-2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{5}}{-2}+\frac{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{7}}{-2}+...+\frac{2019-\sqrt{2019^2-2}}{-2}.\)
\(-2S=1-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{5}...+2019-\sqrt{2019^2-2}\)
\(-2S=1-\sqrt{2019^2-2}\Rightarrow S=\frac{\sqrt{2019^2-2}-1}{2}\)