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a) \(x:\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}=1\frac{19}{20}\)
\(x:\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{39}{20}\)
\(x:\frac{1}{2}=\frac{39}{20}-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(x:\frac{1}{2}=\frac{39}{20}-\frac{15}{20}\)
\(x:\frac{1}{2}=\frac{24}{20}\)
\(x=\frac{24}{20}.\frac{1}{2}\)
\(x=\frac{3}{5}\)
\(x:\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}=1\frac{19}{20}\)
\(x:\frac{1}{2}=1\frac{19}{20}-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(x:\frac{1}{2}=\frac{39}{20}-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(x:\frac{1}{2}=\frac{39}{20}-\frac{15}{20}\)
\(x:\frac{1}{2}=\frac{24}{20}\)
\(x=\frac{24}{20}\times\frac{1}{2}\)
\(x=\frac{24}{40}\)
\(x=\frac{3}{5}\)
Ta thấy: Số các số hạng của tổng A ( trừ số 19/1 ) là: ( 18 - 1 ) : 1 + 1 = 18 ( số hạng )
Khi đó:
\(A=\frac{1}{19}+\frac{2}{18}+\frac{3}{17}+...+\frac{17}{3}+\frac{18}{2}+\frac{19}{1}\)
\(A=1+\left(\frac{1}{19}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2}{18}+1\right)+\left(\frac{3}{17}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{17}{3}+1\right)+\left(\frac{18}{2}+1\right)\)
\(A=\frac{20}{20}+\frac{20}{19}+\frac{20}{18}+\frac{20}{17}+...+\frac{20}{3}+\frac{20}{2}\)
\(A=20\cdot\left(\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{18}+\frac{1}{17}+...+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Khi đó:
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{20\cdot\left(\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{18}+\frac{1}{17}+...+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{20}}=20\)
\(\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{19\cdot20}\)
=\(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\)(Dùng cộng rồi trừ chính số đó bằng 0)
=\(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{20}\)
=\(\frac{10}{20}-\frac{1}{20}\)( Dùng phương pháp quy đồng)
=\(\frac{9}{20}\)
Ta có :
\(A=\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{18.19.20}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{18.19.20}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{18.19}-\frac{1}{19.20}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{19.20}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{380}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{760}< \frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(A< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{18.19.20}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{18.19}-\frac{1}{19.20}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{380}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{189}{380}\right)=\frac{189}{760}< \frac{1}{4}\)
Ta có phần tử \(=\frac{1}{19}+\frac{2}{18}+\frac{3}{17}+...+\frac{18}{2}+\frac{19}{1}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{19}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2}{18}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{18}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{19}{1}+1\right)-19\)
\(=\frac{20}{19}+\frac{20}{18}+...+\frac{20}{2}+\frac{20}{1}+\frac{20}{20}-20\)
\(=20.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{20}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Thay (1) vào P ta được :
\(P=\frac{20.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{20}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{20}}\)
\(=20\)
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{19.20}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)
=1/2[1/1*2 - 1/2*3 + 1/2*3 - 1/3*4 + 1/3*4 - 1/4*5 + ... + 1/18*19 - 1/19*20]
=1/2[1/2 - 1/19*20]
=1/2*189/380
=189/760