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Câu 3. Dự đoán dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Dùng phương pháp chọn điểm rơi thôi :)
LG
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si được \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{27}\ge a^2b^2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}\ge abc\)
Khi đó :\(B=a+b+c+\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(=a+b+c+\frac{1}{9abc}+\frac{8}{9abc}\)
\(\ge4\sqrt[4]{abc.\frac{1}{9abc}}+\frac{8}{9.\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}}\)
\(=4\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{9}}+\frac{8\sqrt{27}}{9}=\frac{4}{\sqrt[4]{9}}+\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{12}{\sqrt{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Vậy .........
2, \(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)
\(A=\left[\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{\left(a+c\right)}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}\right]-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(A\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{4}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{4}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{4}}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)
\(A\ge a+b+c-\frac{6}{2}\)
\(A\ge6-3\)
\(A\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}=\frac{b+c}{4}\Leftrightarrow4a^2=\left(b+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2a=b+c\)(1)
\(\frac{b^2}{a+c}=\frac{a+c}{4}\Leftrightarrow4b^2=\left(a+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2b=a+c\)(2)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}=\frac{a+b}{4}\Leftrightarrow4c^2=\left(a+b\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2c=a+b\)(3)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)-\left(3\right)\)ta có:
\(2a-2c=c+b-a-b=c-a\)
\(\Rightarrow2a-2c-c+a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3.\left(a-c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\Leftrightarrow a=c\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}b=c\\a=b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=3\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Ta có: \(abc=b+2c\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{b+2c}{bc}\)\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{b}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{4}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{5}{a+b-c}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}\right)+3\left(\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c-a+c+a-b}+2.\dfrac{4}{b+c-a+a+b-c}+3.\dfrac{4}{c+a-b+a+b-c}=\dfrac{4}{2c}+2.\dfrac{4}{2b}+3.\dfrac{4}{2a}=\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{6}{a}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{a}\right)=2\left(a+\dfrac{3}{a}\right)\ge2.2\sqrt{\dfrac{a.3}{a}}=4\sqrt{3}\)
(bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
\(a^2+b^2-ab\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Thỏa mãn $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1$ hay $a+b+c=1$ vậy bạn?
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(a-\dfrac{a^2}{a+b^2}=\dfrac{ab^2}{a+b^2}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2b\sqrt{a}}=\dfrac{b\sqrt{a}}{2}\)
Tương tự cho các BĐT còn lại cũng có:
\(b-\dfrac{b^2}{b+c^2}\le\dfrac{c\sqrt{b}}{2};c-\dfrac{c^2}{c+a^2}\le\dfrac{a\sqrt{c}}{2}\)
Sau đó cộng theo vế các BĐT trên
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a+b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a^2}\ge3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b\sqrt{a}+c\sqrt{b}+a\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(\ge3-\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(\ge3-\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=3-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2b^2+2c^2-a^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}a^2}{\sqrt{3a^2\left(2b^2+2c^2-a^2\right)}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}a^2}{\dfrac{3a^2+2b^2+2c^2-a^2}{2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Tương tự cho các BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2a^2+2c^2-b^2}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}b^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2};\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2a^2+2b^2-c^2}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\sqrt{3}=VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)