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Ta có:
\(n^5+n^4-2n^3-2n^2+1=p^k\Leftrightarrow\left(n^2+n-1\right)\left(n^3-n-1\right)=p^k\)
Từ gt \(\Rightarrow n,k\ge2\)
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n^3-n-1>1;n^2+n-1>1,\forall n\ge2\\\left(n^3-n-1\right)-\left(n^2+n-1\right)=\left(n+1\right)n\left(n-2\right)\ge0,\forall n\ge2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n^3-n-1=p^r\\n^2+n-1=p^s\end{matrix}\right.\) trong đó \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}r\ge s>0\\r+s=k\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n^3-n-1⋮n^2+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n^3-n-1-\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n-1\right)⋮n^2+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n-2⋮n^2+n-1\) (1)
Mặt khác:
\(\left(n^2+n-1\right)-\left(n-2\right)=n^2+1>0,\forall n\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+n-1>n-2\ge0,\forall n\ge2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => n=2 => \(p^k=25\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=5\\k=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy bộ số (n,k,p)=(2,2,5)
\(...\Leftrightarrow\left(n^2+n-1\right)\left(n^3-n-1\right)=p^k\).
Do đó \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n^2+n-1=p^v\\n^3-n-1=p^u\end{matrix}\right.\left(v,u\in N;v+u=k\right)\).
+) Với n = 2 ta có \(p^k=25=5^2\Leftrightarrow p=5;k=2\)
+) Với n > 2 ta có \(n^3-n-1>n^2+n-1\Rightarrow v>u\Rightarrow n^3-n-1⋮n^2+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n^2+n-1\right)\left(n-1\right)+n-2⋮n^2+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n-2⋮n^2+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-2\right)\left(n+3\right)⋮n^2+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow6⋮n^2+n-1\).
Không tồn tại n > 2 thoả mãn
Vậy...
a/ \(lim\left(\sqrt[3]{n-n^3}+n+\sqrt{n^2+3n}-n\right)\)
\(=lim\left(\frac{n}{\sqrt[3]{\left(n-n^3\right)^2}-n\sqrt[3]{\left(n-n^3\right)}+n^2}+\frac{3n}{\sqrt{n^2+3n}+n}\right)\)
\(=lim\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{n^3+2n+\frac{1}{n}}+\sqrt[3]{n^3-n}+n}+\frac{3}{\sqrt{1+\frac{3}{n}}+1}\right)=0+\frac{3}{1+1}=\frac{3}{2}\)
b/ \(lim\left(\frac{-2\sqrt{n}-4}{\sqrt{n-2\sqrt{n}}+\sqrt{n+4}}\right)=lim\left(\frac{-2-\frac{4}{\sqrt{n}}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{n}}}\right)=-\frac{2}{1+1}=-1\)
c/ \(lim\left(\frac{3n^2}{\sqrt[3]{n^6+6n^5+9n^4}+\sqrt[3]{n^6+3n^5}+n^2}\right)=lim\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{6}{n}+\frac{9}{n^2}}+\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{3}{n}}+1}\right)=\frac{3}{3}=1\)
d/ \(lim\left(\sqrt[3]{n^3+6n}-n+n-\sqrt{n^2-4n}\right)=lim\left(\frac{6n}{\sqrt[3]{n^6+12n^4+36n^2}+\sqrt[3]{n^6+6n^4}+n^2}+\frac{4n}{n+\sqrt{n^2-4n}}\right)\)
\(=lim\left(\frac{6}{\sqrt[3]{n^3+12n+\frac{36}{n}}+\sqrt[3]{n^3+6n}+n}+\frac{4}{1+\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{n}}}\right)=0+\frac{4}{1+1}=2\)
e/ \(lim\left(\frac{-3.3^n+4.4^n}{5.3^n+\frac{3}{2}.4^n}\right)=lim\left(\frac{-3\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^n+4}{5.\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^n+\frac{3}{2}}\right)=\frac{0+4}{0+\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{8}{3}\)
f/ \(lim\left(\frac{9^n-5.5^n+7.7^n}{9.3^n+5^n+2.8^n}\right)=lim\left(\frac{1-5.\left(\frac{5}{9}\right)^n+7\left(\frac{7}{9}\right)^n}{9.\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^n+\left(\frac{5}{9}\right)^n+2.\left(\frac{8}{9}\right)^n}\right)=\frac{1}{0}=+\infty\)
g/ \(lim\left(\frac{6.6^n+3^5.9^n}{3^3.9^n-\frac{1}{2}.4^n}\right)=lim\left(\frac{6\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^n+3^5}{3^3-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)^n}\right)=\frac{3^5}{3^3}=9\)
1.
\(\lim \frac{3n^2+5n+4}{2-n^2}=\lim \frac{\frac{3n^2+5n+4}{n^2}}{\frac{2-n^2}{n^2}}=\lim \frac{3+\frac{5}{n}+\frac{4}{n^2}}{\frac{2}{n^2}-1}=\frac{3}{-1}=-3\)
2.
\(\lim \frac{2n^3-4n^2+3n+7}{n^3-7n+5}=\lim \frac{\frac{2n^3-4n^2+3n+7}{n^3}}{\frac{n^3-7n+5}{n^3}}=\lim \frac{2-\frac{4}{n}+\frac{3}{n^2}+\frac{7}{n^3}}{1-\frac{7}{n^2}+\frac{5}{n^3}}=\frac{2}{1}=2\)
3.
\(\lim (\frac{2n^3}{2n^2+3}+\frac{1-5n^2}{5n+1})=\lim (n-\frac{3n}{2n^2+3}+\frac{1}{5}-n-\frac{1}{5n+1})\)
\(=\frac{1}{5}-\lim (\frac{3n}{2n^2+3}+\frac{1}{5n+1})=\frac{1}{5}-\lim (\frac{3}{2n+\frac{3}{n}}+\frac{1}{5n+1})=\frac{1}{5}-0=\frac{1}{5}\)
4.
\(\lim \frac{1+3^n}{4+3^n}=\lim (1-\frac{3}{4+3^n})=1-\lim \frac{3}{4+3^n}=1-0=1\)
5.
\(\lim \frac{4.3^n+7^{n+1}}{2.5^n+7^n}=\lim \frac{\frac{4.3^n+7^{n+1}}{7^n}}{\frac{2.5^n+7^n}{7^n}}\)
\(=\lim \frac{4.(\frac{3}{7})^n+7}{2.(\frac{5}{7})^n+1}=\frac{7}{1}=7\)
a)
\(u_1=10^{1-2.1}=10^{-1};u_2=10^{1-2.2}=10^{-3}\);
\(u_3=10^{1-2.3}=10^{-5}\); \(u_4=10^{1-2.4}=10^{-7}\);
\(u_5=10^{1-2.5}=10^{-9}\).
Xét \(\dfrac{u_n}{u_{n-1}}=\dfrac{10^{1-2n}}{10^{1-2\left(n-1\right)}}=\dfrac{10^{1-2n}}{10^{3-2n}}=10^{-2}=\dfrac{1}{100}\).
Suy ra: \(u_n=\dfrac{1}{100}u_{n-1}\) và dễ thấy \(\left(u_n\right)>0,\forall n\in N^{\circledast}\) nên \(u_n< u_{n-1},\forall n\ge2\).
Vậy \(\left(u_n\right)\) là dãy số tăng.
b) \(u_1=3^1-7=-4\); \(u_2=3^2-7=2\); \(u_3=3^3-7=25\);
\(u_4=3^4-7=74\); \(u_5=3^5-7=236\).
\(u_n-u_{n-1}=3^n-7-\left(3^{n-1}-7\right)=3^n-3^{n-1}=2.3^{n-1}\)\(\left(n\ge2\right)\).
Với \(n\ge2\) thì \(2.3^{n-1}>0\) nên \(u_n>u_{n-1}\).
Vậy \(\left(u_n\right)\) là dãy số tăng.
Ta có:
\(n^5+n^4-2n^3-2n^2+1=p^k\Leftrightarrow\left(n^2+n-1\right)\left(n^3-n-1\right)=p^k\)
Từ giả thiết \(\Rightarrow n,k\ge2\)
Ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}n^3-n-1>1,n^2+n-1>1,\forall n\ge2\\\left(n^3-n-1\right)-\left(n^2+n-1\right)=\left(n+1\right)n\left(n-2\right)\ge0,\forall n\ge2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}n^3-n-1=p^r\\n^2+n-1=p^s\end{cases}}\) trong đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}r\ge s\ge0\\r+s=k\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow n^3-n-1⋮n^2+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n^3-n-1-\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n-1\right)⋮n^2+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n-2⋮n^2+n-1\) (1)
Mặt khác :
\(\left(n^2+n-1\right)-\left(n-2\right)=n^2+1>0,\forall n\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+n-1>n-2\ge0,\forall n\ge2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => n=2 => \(p^k=25\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}p=5\\k=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy bộ số cần tìm là (n,k,p)=(2,2,5)