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Bài toán thiếu điều kiện \(x\ge1;y\ge2;z\ge3\)
Ta có : \(M=\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy, ta có : \(\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}=\frac{\sqrt{\left(x-1\right).1}}{x}\le\frac{x-1+1}{2x}=\frac{x}{2x}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}=\frac{\sqrt{\left(y-2\right).2}}{\sqrt{2}.y}\le\frac{y-2+2}{2\sqrt{2}.y}=\frac{y}{2\sqrt{2}y}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\frac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}=\frac{\sqrt{\left(z-3\right).3}}{\sqrt{3}z}\le\frac{z-3+3}{2\sqrt{3}z}=\frac{z}{2\sqrt{3}z}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Cộng các bđt theo vế , được : \(M\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}z-3=3\\y-2=2\\x-1=1\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=4\\z=6\end{cases}}\)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của M bằng \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\) khi và chỉ khi (x;y;z) = (2;4;6)
\(=>A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)
áp dụng BĐT AM-GM
\(=>\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{x-1+1}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}\)
\(=>\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{2}}{x}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1\right)\)
có \(\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(y-2\right)2}}{\sqrt{2}.y}\)
\(=>\sqrt{\left(y-2\right)2}\le\dfrac{y-2+2}{2}=\dfrac{y}{2}\)
\(=>\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(y-2\right)2}}{\sqrt{2}.y}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{2}}{\sqrt{2}.y}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(2\right)\)
tương tự \(=>\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\left(3\right)\)
(1)(2)(3)\(=>A\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Đề có vấn dề thì phải căn thứ 2 ấy
Bài này CHTT có thìphair
\(P=\frac{yz\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{1.\left(x-1\right)}}{2x}+\frac{2\sqrt{2.\left(y-2\right)}}{2y\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2\sqrt{3.\left(z-3\right)}}{2z\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\le\frac{1+x-1}{2x}+\frac{2+y-2}{2y\sqrt{2}}+\frac{3+z-3}{2z\sqrt{3}}\)(cái này của BĐT cô-si thì phải)
\(=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1=x-1\\2=y-2\\3=z-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=4\\z=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(Min_{bt}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=4\\z=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(gt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}+z\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left[x.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2}+y.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}+z.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2xz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) (bunhia)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=9\)
Thấy : \(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)>0\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Mặt khác : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\)
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-xy+y^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y^2-yz+z^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z^2-zx+x^2}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x-y\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(y-z\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(y^2+z^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(z-x\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(z^2+x^2\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(y^2+z^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(z^2+x^2\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{2}{x+y}+\frac{2}{y+z}+\frac{2}{z+x}\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\)
Nhân thêm và, dùng Cauchy
\(1\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{1\left(x-1\right)}\le\frac{x}{2}\). Tương tự với y thì nhân 2; với z thì nhân 3
\(\frac{yz\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{x-1}\le\frac{1+x-1}{2}=\frac{x}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta được: \(\frac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\frac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Suy ra: \(\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
Vậy GTLN của biểu thức = \(\frac{1}{2}.\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=4\\z=6\end{cases}}\)