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\(a\text{) }\)Áp dụng: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) (a, b > 0). Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b.
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{ab}=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}\ge\frac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\frac{1}{2.\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}=\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=6\left[\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{27}{8}\left(a+b\right)+\frac{27}{8}\left(a+b\right)\right]-\frac{81}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\ge6.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}.\frac{27}{8}\left(a+b\right).\frac{27}{8}\left(a+b\right)}-\frac{81}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\frac{81}{2}-\frac{81}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{bc}\ge\frac{81}{2}-\frac{81}{2}\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{ca}\ge\frac{81}{2}-\frac{81}{2}\left(c+a\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ta được
\(A\ge3.\frac{81}{2}-81\left(a+b+c\right)=3.\frac{81}{2}-81=\frac{81}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}.\)
Vậy GTNN của A là \(\frac{81}{2}.\)
\(a+b+c=0\) nên trong 3 số a;b;c phải có ít nhất 1 số dương
Do vai trò của 3 biến như nhau, ko mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(c>0\)
\(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)=\left(-c\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(-c\right)=3abc=-6\)
\(\Rightarrow F=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{-6}=\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{-6}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{-\dfrac{2}{c}+c\left(a+b\right)}{-2}=\dfrac{-\dfrac{2}{c}+c\left(-c\right)}{-2}=\dfrac{c^2}{2}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{c^2}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{8c^2}}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(F_{min}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(-2;1;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
cho c^2 +2(ab -ac -bc ) =0 và b khác c, a+b khác 0. Chứng minh a^2 +(a-c)^2 /b^2+(b-c)^2 = a-c / b-c
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2ac-2bc=a^2+b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b-c\right)^2=a^2+b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2=\left(a+b-c\right)^2-b^2=\left(a+b-c-b\right)\left(a+b-c+b\right)=\left(a-c\right)\left(a+2b-c\right)\\b^2=\left(a+b-c\right)^2-a^2=\left(a+b-c-a\right)\left(a+b-c+a\right)=\left(b-c\right)\left(2a+b-c\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(a^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=\left(a-c\right)\left(a+2b-c\right)+\left(a-c\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a-c\right)\left(a+2b-c+a-c\right)=2\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\)
\(b^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=\left(b-c\right)\left(2a+b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)^2\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(2a+b-c+b-c\right)=2\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\)
Vậy \(\frac{a^2+\left(a-c\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{2\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a-c}{b-c}\)
Ta có : \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
=> \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
=> \(a^2+a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2+c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
=> \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
Ta thấy : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\a-c=0\\b-c=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a=b=c .
Ta có a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca=0
<=>2(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)=0
<=> (a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\)=> a=b=c
Lời giải:
Xét tử :
\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\frac{a^2}{a^2+bc+(-ab-ac)}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+ac+(-ab-bc)}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+ab+(-bc-ac)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{a(a-b)-c(a-b)}+\frac{b^2}{b(b-c)-a(b-c)}+\frac{c^2}{c(c-a)-b(c-a)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{(a-c)(a-b)}+\frac{b^2}{(b-a)(b-c)}+\frac{c^2}{(c-a)(c-b)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2(c-b)+b^2(a-c)+c^2(b-a)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
\(=\frac{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}=1\)
Xét mẫu (tương tự bên tử)
\(\frac{bc}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{ac}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{ab}{c^2+2ab}=\frac{bc}{(a-c)(a-b)}+\frac{ac}{(b-a)(b-c)}+\frac{ab}{(c-a)(c-b)}\)
\(=\frac{bc(c-b)+ac(a-c)+ab(b-a)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=\frac{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
\(=\frac{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}=1\)
Do đó:
\(A=\frac{1}{1}=1\)