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Đặt \(x+\frac{1}{x}=t\)thì \(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=t^2-2\)
Lúc đó: \(y=f\left(x\right)=t^2-2+2t+8=\left(t^2+2t+1\right)+5=\left(t+1\right)^2+5\ge5\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(t=x+\frac{1}{x}=-1\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=-\frac{3}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i\\x+\frac{1}{2}=-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{\sqrt{3}i-1}{2}\\x=\frac{-\sqrt{3}i-1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
a/ \(x\ge-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2=\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-10x-8=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=-\frac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/ \(x\ge-\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x+7\right)^2=\left(2x+5\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x+2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ \(x\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-3x-5=5x-5\\2x^2-3x-5=5-5x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-8x=0\\2x^2+2x-10=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(l\right)\\x=4\\x=\frac{-1+\sqrt{21}}{2}\\x=\frac{-1-\sqrt{21}}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
d/ \(x\ge\frac{17}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4x-5=4x-17\\x^2-4x-5=17-4x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-8x+12=0\\x^2=22\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\x=2\left(l\right)\\x=\sqrt{22}\\x=-\sqrt{22}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
e/ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge1\\x\le-\frac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x^2-x-2=x-2\\3x^2-x-2=2-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x^2-2x=0\\3x^2=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(l\right)\\x=\frac{2}{3}\left(l\right)\\x=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}\\x=\frac{-2\sqrt{3}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(\left|4x-8\right|\le8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left|4x-8\right|\right)^2\le64\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^2-64x+64\le64\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^2-64x\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16x\left(x-4\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le x\le4\)
b, \(\left|x-5\right|\le4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left|x-5\right|\right)^2\le16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-10x+25\le16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-10x+9\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1\le x\le9\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9\right\}\)
c, \(\left|2x+1\right|< 3x\)
TH1: \(x\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\left|2x+1\right|< 3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+1< 3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x>1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\in Z\\x\in\left(1;2018\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(x< -\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\left|2x+1\right|< 3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x-1< 3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x>-\dfrac{1}{5}\left(l\right)\)
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\in Z\\x\in\left(1;2018\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
d, \(\left|x+1\right|+\left|x\right|< 3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1+x+2\left|x^2+x\right|< 9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x^2+x\right|< 4-x\)
Xét hai trường hợp để phá dấu giá trị tuyệt đối
e, Tương tự câu d