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ANCIENT ANGKORIn the regions of Southeast Asia dwell the remains of an era that far exceeded its time in developments and industrialization. This ancient city, which was mysteriously deserted in the 15th century, is known as Angkor. Located in Cambodia, Angkor was established in 802 CE as the seat of the Khmer Empire. Khmer was the largest continuous empire in 5 Southeast Asia. Its main city of Angkor grew and developed until it was abandoned in the year 1431. Many historians theorize as to why...
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ANCIENT ANGKOR

In the regions of Southeast Asia dwell the remains of an era that far exceeded its time in developments and industrialization. This ancient city, which was mysteriously deserted in the 15th century, is known as Angkor. Located in Cambodia, Angkor was established in 802 CE as the seat of the Khmer Empire. Khmer was the largest continuous empire in 5 Southeast Asia. Its main city of Angkor grew and developed until it was abandoned in the year 1431. Many historians theorize as to why it was abandoned, but the mystery remains.

Angkor was a city of power, industry, architecture, and cultural unity, which is why speculation surrounds its decline. The ancient Khmer city stretched over an area of nearly 120 square miles, comparable to present-day Los Angeles. Each successive ruler to the 10 throne brought significant additions that diversified the territory. One ruler is known for constructing a baray, a massive water reservoir. Another built the imposing Angkor Wat, a temple of great proportions that survived the city’s demise and exists today as a Buddhist temple. Along with over seventy other temples in the region, Angkor was home to an expansive waterworks of marked ingenuity when nothing of its kind existed in the world. The civilization was structured around the Mekong River. Intricate and sophisticated irrigation systems were fashioned to transport water to people and fields in all parts of the city, including those removed from the central water source. For this, the city became known as the “Hydraulic City.” The people of Angkor were led by an extensive court system, made up of religious and secular nobles as well as artisans, fishermen, rice farmers, soldiers, and elephant keepers. The civilization was guarded by an army transported by elephants and ruled by shrewd and powerful kings. Yet after 600 years of existence, an abandoned shell was all that remained.

The land, buildings, and architecture were reclaimed by the surrounding forest regions until the 19” century, when French archaeologists discovered the remains and began restoring sites in the great city of Angkor. Since then, theories have evolved over time relating to the death of Angkor’s civilization. The first theory states that the city fell because of war. The last two centuries of Angkor’s existence showed a decline in the Khmer Empire’s population and power. Ongoing wars with neighboring Thailand had devastated the nation. In 1431, attackers from Thai nations invaded and looted Angkor, leaving it desolate and vacant. Continuous war with Thailand culminating in a final attack on the city could have weakened the empire and led to the city’s demise.

Another theory states that a change in religion led to the country’s downfall. The Khmer Empire had predominately been a Hindu nation, and the people were unified in their religion. Jayavarman VII, acclaimed as the greatest of Angkor’s kings, took title throne in 1181 CE. He instituted a change in religion from Hinduism to Mahayana Buddhism. This action subsequently could have destroyed the unity of the people and the overall foundation of the empire.

Natural disaster is another feasible possibility for the scattering of people from the Angkor region. Historians say earthquakes, floods, and drastic climate changes would have been capable of stripping Angkor of its people. These natural catastrophes would have likely resulted in destroyed buildings, ruined crops, and a decreased water supply that would have forced citizens to leave. One researcher hypothesized that the city suffered from a lack of water due to the transition from the medieval warm period to the little ice age. Others dismiss this idea.

      However, a recently developed theory built on the work of French archaeologist Bemard- Philippe Groslier may have shed the most light on Angkor’s demise. The theory suggests that the Angkorian civilization was “defined, sustained, and ultimately overwhelmed by over-exploitation and the environmental impacts of a complex water-management network.” Its vast waterworks proved too great for the city to manage. Also, supplying such a massive empire with water had adverse effects on the environment. Ecological problems included deforestation, topsoil degradation, and erosion due in part to clearing vegetation for cropland. Thus, the city inadvertently brought about its own environmental collapse.

With the use of aerial photography and high-resolution, ground-sensing radar, researchers were able to support Groslier’s theory with images that complete existing topographical maps. The radar detected surface structures as well as subtle variances in surface vegetation and soil moisture. This proved that environmental erosion had occurred. The combined images and ground-based investigations further revealed that Angkor was a victim of its own industrial ingenuity, a city ahead of its time and vulnerable to its own power.

43.  The author mentions the Khmer Empire in paragraph 1 in order to …………..

A.     establish the size and importance of the civilization

B.     explain the downfall of the main city in the empire

C.  compare the nation’s size to a present-day location   

D.  demonstrate why people were not loyal to the city

44.  The word “speculation” in line 8 is closest in meaning to…………..

A.    evidence              B. mystery        C. question         D. growth

45.  According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the waterworks built within Angkor?

A.     They transported drinking water to Angkor Wat.

B.     They were a ,money-making venture for the city.

C.     They were built to extend the water supply.

D.     They irrigated fields along the sides of the river.

46.  All of the following are true about the city of Angkor EXCEPT …………..

A. It was built around a water source.       B. It had an advanced road system,

C. It surpassed other cities of its time.       D. It is home to a Buddhist shrine.

47.  The word “its” in line 14 refers to       …………. .

A. Angkor’s              B. baray’s          C. waterworks’  D. home’s

48.  The word “sophisticated” in line 15 is closest in meaning to …………..

A. advanced             B. fantastic        C. educated        D. thorough

49.  Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect choices may change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.     Archaeologists built a replica of what Angkor looked like.

B.     Archaeologists uncovered the overgrown city and rebuilt its sites.

C. Finding the city, workers cleared the forest and studied the architecture.

D. The city’s architecture was inspired by the forest regions nearby.

50.  What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the people who inhabited Angkor?

A.    They worshipped ruler Jayavarman VII.

B.     Hinduism was central to their way of life,

C.     Religion led to more violence among them.

D. They were unified regardless of national religion.

51.  The word “inadvertently” in line 52 is closest in meaning to ………….

A. purposely              B. freely          c. sadly             D. accidentally

52. According to paragraph 7 (lines 53-59), which of the following did researchers prove about Groslier’s theory with the use of aerial photography and advanced radar?

A.  The surface soil showed evidence of dừt washing away.

B.  The waterworks were filled with topsoil.

C. Vegetation was thriving where soil was deeper.

D. Soil damage was stable throughout the changes.

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Read the article and name the countries the Mekong River runs through.The Mekong RiverThe Mekong River, which is over 4,000 kilometres long, is the world's twelfth longest river and the Southeast Asia's longest transboundary river. The Mekong started round 17 million years ago due to increased erosion from monsoon precipitation. Its original name is Mae Nam Khong. In Lao language, Mae Nam (Mother of Waters) means large rivers, and Khong is a proper name.From Tibetan Plateau the Mekong runs...
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Read the article and name the countries the Mekong River runs through.

The Mekong River

The Mekong River, which is over 4,000 kilometres long, is the world's twelfth longest river and the Southeast Asia's longest transboundary river. The Mekong started round 17 million years ago due to increased erosion from monsoon precipitation. Its original name is Mae Nam Khong. In Lao language, Mae Nam (Mother of Waters) means large rivers, and Khong is a proper name.

From Tibetan Plateau the Mekong runs through China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam. It not only is rich in plant and fish diversity but also provides very important transport links in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam. The Mekong River plays an important role in the life of the people in Southeast Asia, providing a means for people to access natural resources, social facilities such as schools, health services. Passenger transport along the river makes a nice contribution to tourism development.

The Mekong River is also a major trade route in Southeast Asia. A lot of cargo is transported along this river every day, and the cargo ranges from petroleum, coal to fertilisers and farming products. However, though the river brings about great income and different job opportunities, the navigation potential of this river is not fully exploited. The geographical features greatly vary along its length. For instance, the upper part of this river in Laos contains a number of physical obstacles and turbulent sections and only experienced skippers and boats that are small in size can safely navigate this part of the river. Improvements are expected to make the river passable for much larger cargo boats, which will develop both regional and international exchange of goods.

1
D
datcoder
CTVVIP
22 tháng 11 2023

The Mekong River runs through China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam.

Thông tin: “From Tibetan Plateau the Mekong runs through China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam.”

14 tháng 2 2022

1. A. a lot of B.lots C. lots of D. lot
2. A. river B.lakes C. streams D. rivers
3. A. longest B.the longest C. longer D. the longer
4. A. then B.than C. to D. that
5. A. have B. has C. to have D. having

14 tháng 2 2022

1. A. a lot of B.lots C. lots of D. lot
2. A. river B.lakes C. streams D. rivers
3. A. longest B.the longest C. longer D. the longer
4. A. then B.than C. to D. that
5. A. have B. has C. to have D. having

24 tháng 3 2021

1 Did you get the message concerned the special meeting?

2 I come from a city located in the southern part of the country

3 The rules allowing public access to wilderness areas need to be reconsidered.

4 The children attending that school receive a good education

5 The conclusion to be presented in that book states that most of the cars

6 The fiffth man to be interviewed was completely unsuitable

7 The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with

8 I'd more interested if I had a family to have to cook for

28 tháng 7 2018

RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ SỬ DỤNG Ving, V hoặc Vto

1 neli armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon

-> neli armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon

2 I come from a city that is located in the southen part of the country.

-> I come from a city located in the southen part of the country

3 the childen who attend that school receive a good education.

-> the childen attending that school receive a good education

4 the scienntists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.

-> the scienntists researching the causes of cancer are making progress

5 they live in a house that was built in

-> they live in a house built in

6 we have an apartmen which overlook the part.

-> we have an apartment overlooking the part

7 yuri gagarin became the first man who flied into space.

-> yuri gagarin became the first man to fly into space

8 we stood on the birdge which connects the two halves of the buildimg .

-> we stood on the birdge connecting the two halves of the buildimg

9 I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country

-> I come from a city located in the southern part of the country

10 the vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals.

-> the vegetables sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals

11 do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?

-> do you know the woman coming toward us ?

12 the people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting we.

-> the people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet

D
datcoder
CTVVIP
18 tháng 11 2023

Bài tham khảo

Born in Ohio in 1847, Thomas Edison moved to Michigan with his family at the age of 7, quitting school after two months. He learned with his mum at home, loving experimenting with electrical and mechanical things. Working as a newsboy on a train for some time, he accidentally set fire to the floor of a baggage car while doing experiments. Spending a lot of time experimenting, he got his first patent in 1868. Making so many inventions to improve the quality of human life was his great success. Thomas Edison died in 1931.

Tạm dịch

Sinh ra ở Ohio năm 1847, Thomas Edison chuyển đến Michigan cùng gia đình năm 7 tuổi, bỏ học sau hai tháng. Anh ấy học với mẹ ở nhà, thích thử nghiệm những thứ về điện và cơ khí. Làm việc như một cậu bé bán báo trên tàu một thời gian, anh ấy đã vô tình làm cháy sàn toa hành lý khi đang làm thí nghiệm. Dành nhiều thời gian thử nghiệm, ông đã nhận được bằng sáng chế đầu tiên vào năm 1868. Đưa ra được nhiều phát minh như vậy để nâng cao chất lượng cuộc sống con người là thành công lớn của ông. Thomas Edison qua đời năm 1931.

28 tháng 1 2022

1 A

2 B

3 C

28 tháng 1 2022

1. A

2. B

3. C

The Suez Canal is a 192 km artificial waterway 1)..........connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea. It provides a shortcut for ships travelling 2) .......... European and American ports, as well as ports located 3)..........Asia, Africa and Oceania. Without it, traders from Europe 4) .......... have to sail around the entire continent of Africa to reach Asia, adding 9,656 km 5) ..........the journey. The idea of 6) ..........the Mediterranean and Red Seas is an old one. Four...
Đọc tiếp

The Suez Canal is a 192 km artificial waterway 1)..........connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea. It provides a shortcut for ships travelling 2) .......... European and American ports, as well as ports located 3)..........Asia, Africa and Oceania. Without it, traders from Europe 4) .......... have to sail around the entire continent of Africa to reach Asia, adding 9,656 km 5) ..........the journey.

The idea of 6) ..........the Mediterranean and Red Seas is an old one. Four thousand years 7) .........., the pharaohs in Egypt made the first attempt to link the two seas. Today’s canal was built between 1859 and 1869 under the direction of a French engineer called Ferdinand de Lesseps. Constructing the canal 8) ..........a massive task. Several lakes made up 45 km of the distance, but the 9) ..........of the 192 km had to be dug from the desert. One and a half million Egyptians worked 10)......... the canal. Tragically, 11) .......... estimated 120,000 died. Today, the canal transports about 14% of the total world trade, and about 8% of the world’s shipping traffic passes through 12).......... . The Suez Canal is often referred to 13) .......... “The crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa”, 14)..........of its significance as a trade route between 15) .......... continents.

The idea of 6) ..........the Mediterranean and Red Seas is an old one. Four thousand years 7) .........., the pharaohs in Egypt made the first attempt to link the two seas. Today’s canal was built between 1859 and 1869 under the direction of a French engineer called Ferdinand de Lesseps. Constructing the canal 8) ..........a massive task. Several lakes made up 45 km of the distance, but the 9) ..........of the 192 km had to be dug from the desert. One and a half million Egyptians worked 10)......... the canal. Tragically, 11) .......... estimated 120,000 died. Today, the canal transports about 14% of the total world trade, and about 8% of the world’s shipping traffic passes through 12).......... . The Suez Canal is often referred to 13) .......... “The crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa”, 14)..........of its significance as a trade route between 15) .......... continents.

1
6 tháng 7 2017

The Suez Canal is a 192 km artificial waterway 1).....that.....connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea. It provides a shortcut for ships travelling 2) .....between..... European and American ports, as well as ports located 3).....in.....Asia, Africa and Oceania. Without it, traders from Europe 4) .....will..... have to sail around the entire continent of Africa to reach Asia, adding 9,656 km 5) .....to.....the journey.

The idea of 6) .....connecting.....the Mediterranean and Red Seas is an old one. Four thousand years 7) .....ago....., the pharaohs in Egypt made the first attempt to link the two seas. Today’s canal was built between 1859 and 1869 under the direction of a French engineer called Ferdinand de Lesseps. Constructing the canal 8) .....is.....a massive task. Several lakes made up 45 km of the distance, but the 9) .....rest.....of the 192 km had to be dug from the desert. One and a half million Egyptians worked 10).....on.... the canal. Tragically, 11) .....people..... estimated 120,000 died. Today, the canal transports about 14% of the total world trade, and about 8% of the world’s shipping traffic passes through 12).....it..... . The Suez Canal is often referred to 13) .....as..... “The crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa”, 14)......because....of its significance as a trade route between 15) .....the..... continents.

D
datcoder
CTVVIP
22 tháng 11 2023

1. F  

2. F

3. T

4. T

1 The Mekong River has most of its drainage area in Laos and Thailand.

(Sông Cửu Long có phần lớn diện tích thoát nước ở Lào và Thái Lan.)

=> F 

Thông tin: Though the Mekong River runs through 6 countries, three-fourths of the drainage area of the Mekong lies within the four countries: Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Viet Nam. (Mặc dù sông Mekong chảy qua 6 quốc gia nhưng 3/4 diện tích thoát nước của sông Mekong nằm trong 4 quốc gia: Lào, Thái Lan, Campuchia và Việt Nam.)

2 The Mekong River is to the west of the Salween River.

(Sông Cửu Long nằm ở phía tây của sông Salween.)

=> F 

Thông tin: This area is known as a UNESCO World Heritage Site where the Mekong River lies between Salween River on the west and Yangtze River on the east. (Khu vực này được biết đến là Di sản Thế giới của UNESCO nơi sông Mekong nằm giữa sông Salween ở phía tây và sông Dương Tử ở phía đông.)

3 The Golden Triangle is referred to as the second tripoint the Mekong River runs through.

(Tam giác vàng được gọi là ngã ba thứ hai mà sông Mekong chảy qua.)

=> T 

Thông tin: It continues to flow southwestwards along the border of Myanmar and Laos for about 100 kilometres until it gets to a second tripoint known as Golden Triangle belonging to Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. (Nó tiếp tục chảy theo hướng tây nam dọc theo biên giới Myanmar và Lào khoảng 100 km cho đến khi gặp ngã ba thứ hai được gọi là Tam giác vàng thuộc Lào, Myanmar và Thái Lan.)

4 The Mekong River runs through Laos for over 1,000 kilometres before entering Cambodia.

(Sông Cửu Long chảy qua Lào hơn 1.000 km trước khi vào Campuchia.)

=> T 

Thông tin: The river then mainly flows through Laos for over 1200 kilometres before crossing Cambodia, where it is joined by the Sap River. (Con sông sau đó chủ yếu chảy qua Lào trong hơn 1200 km trước khi băng qua Campuchia, nơi nó được hợp lưu bởi sông Sáp.)

D
datcoder
CTVVIP
22 tháng 11 2023

Bài nghe: 

The Mekong River is believed to be formed 17 million years ago. It is the world’s 12th longest river covering 4.345 kilometres from its source in the Tibetan Plateau to the Mekong Delta. Though the Mekong River runs through 6 countries, three-fourths of the drainage area of the Mekong lies within the four countries: Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Viet Nam.

The Mekong River originates from the Sanjianyuang in the Tibetan Plateau, where a national nature reserve has been established. From the Tibetan Plateau, it passes throughTibet’s eastern part to Yunnan’s southeastern section and the Three Parallel Rivers Area. This area is known as a UNESCO World Heritage Site where the Mekong River lies between Salween River on the west and Yangtze River on the east. From this area, the river runs for about 10 kilometers on the border between Myanmar and China before reaching the tripoint of Myanmar, China and Laos. It continues to flow southwestwards along the border of Myanmar and Laos for about 100 kilometres until it gets to a second tripoint known as Golden Triangle belonging to Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. The river then mainly flows through Laos for over 1200 kilometres before crossing Cambodia, where it is joined by the Sap River. To the end of its lower course the Mekong River enters Viet Nam where it is named Cuu Long River and finally empties into the sea through a network of distributaries.

Tạm dịch: 

Sông Mekong được cho là hình thành cách đây 17 triệu năm. Đây là con sông dài thứ 12 trên thế giới với chiều dài 4.345 km từ nguồn của nó ở Cao nguyên Tây Tạng đến Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Mặc dù sông Mekong chảy qua 6 quốc gia nhưng 3/4 diện tích thoát nước của sông Mekong nằm trong 4 quốc gia: Lào, Thái Lan, Campuchia và Việt Nam.

Sông Mekong bắt nguồn từ Sanjianyuang ở cao nguyên Tây Tạng, nơi đã thành lập khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên quốc gia. Từ cao nguyên Tây Tạng, nó đi qua phần phía đông của Tây Tạng đến phần phía đông nam của Vân Nam và Tam Giang Tịnh Lưu. Khu vực này được biết đến là Di sản Thế giới của UNESCO nơi sông Mekong nằm giữa sông Salween ở phía tây và sông Dương Tử ở phía đông. Từ khu vực này, sông chạy khoảng 10 km trên biên giới Myanmar và Trung Quốc trước khi đến ngã ba Myanmar, Trung Quốc và Lào. Nó tiếp tục chảy theo hướng tây nam dọc theo biên giới Myanmar và Lào khoảng 100 km cho đến khi gặp ngã ba thứ hai được gọi là Tam giác vàng thuộc Lào, Myanmar và Thái Lan. Con sông sau đó chủ yếu chảy qua Lào trong hơn 1200 km trước khi băng qua Campuchia, nơi nó được hợp lưu bởi sông Sáp. Đến cuối dòng hạ lưu, sông Mekong chảy vào Việt Nam nơi nó được đặt tên là sông Cửu Long và cuối cùng đổ ra biển thông qua một mạng lưới các nhánh.