Question

[Lê Quỳnh Anh]

Read the following passage and mark the letter on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer

Before photography was invented in 1839, painted portraits, and engravings based on them, were one of the few ways to record likenesses. From the Colonial era through the 1820s, portraiture was the most widely practiced genre of American art, and it continued to be a significant form through the 19th century. The demand for likenesses was incessant, and portraiture was often the primary source of income for artists. Artists frequently made portraits of famous people to attract interest and potential patrons. For example, in 1834 Chester Harding painted frontiersman Davy Crockett, then a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, for display in his Boston gallery.

A consistent belief through most of the 18th and 19th centuries was that character could be read from a person's face, or the bumps on his or her head, or from facial expressions, and that portraits should convey these indicators of character. These theories of physiognomy and phrenology have since been debunked, but they were important considerations in depicting the nation's leaders, since such portraits were often made for posterity. Most people had only one portrait painted in their lifetime, if at all, so artists were selected with great care, and expectations were high.

Before the 1840s, American portraiture was influenced primarily by English techniques, poses, compositions and gestures, and many artists received at least part of their training in England. Even canvas sizes followed the British example. Portraits made on commission were priced according to canvas size and the materials and labor involved.

In the late 19th century as European portraitists began traveling to the United States to acquire commissions from the growing upper class, American artists increasingly felt they needed to train abroad in order to succeed at home. Paris continued to be the main lure. as painters such as Eakins, Whistler, Beaux and Sargent went to study there. Some of America's best-known portraitists, in fact, became expatriates.

Which of the following statements best represents the meaning of the first sentence (lines1 and 2) before photography was invented in 1839? 

A. painted portraits and engravings were very lifelike. 

B. there was no accurate way to record a likeness before photography was invented. 

C. there were not many ways other than painted portraits and engravings if you wanted to record what somebody looked like. 

D. engravings were based on portraits and not as lifelike

Answer 1

[Dương Hoàn Anh]

 Đáp án là C. there were not many ways other than painted portraits and engravings if you wanted to record what somebody looked like. không có nhiều cách khác hơn là bức chân dung vẽ và chạm khắc nếu bạn muốn ghi lại người khác trông như thế nào.

Ý trong bài: painted portraits, and engravings based on them, were one of the few ways to record likenesses. bức chân dung vẽ, và khắc dựa trên chúng, là một trong số ít những cách để ghi lại chân dung.