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Talet: \(\dfrac{KM}{AK}=\dfrac{DM}{AB}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow KM=\dfrac{1}{3}AK\Rightarrow KM=\dfrac{1}{4}AM\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KM}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AM}\)
Mà \(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{DM}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KM}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{12}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KN}=\overrightarrow{KM}+\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{12}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}.\overrightarrow{KN}=\left(\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}AB^2-\dfrac{1}{4}AD^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow AM\perp KN\Rightarrow\) đường thẳng KN nhận (10;1) là 1 vtpt
Phương trình NK:
\(10\left(x-0\right)+1\left(y-2019\right)=0\Leftrightarrow10x+y-2019=0\)
\(d\left(O;NK\right)=\dfrac{\left|-2019\right|}{\sqrt{10^2+1^2}}=\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{101}}\)
a) Gọi \(D\left(x;y\right)\)
\(2\overrightarrow{DA}=\left(20-2x;10-2y\right)\\ 3\overrightarrow{DB}=\left(9-3x;6-3y\right)\\ -\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{CD}=\left(x-6;y+5\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}20-2x+9-3x+x-6=0\\10-2y+6-3y+y+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{23}{4}\\y=\dfrac{21}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)\(\overrightarrow{AF}=\left(-15;3\right)\\\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-7;-3\right) \\ \overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-4;-10\right)\\\overrightarrow{AF}=a\overrightarrow{AB}+bAC\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-7a-4b=-15\\-3a-10b=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{81}{29}\\b=-\dfrac{33}{29}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y-2=0\\2x+y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow A\left(-\frac{4}{3};\frac{5}{3}\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}B\left(2-2b;b\right)\\C\left(c;-2c-1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(1-2b;b-2\right)\\\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(c-1;-2c-3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do \(M\in BC\Rightarrow\frac{1-2b}{c-1}=\frac{b-2}{-2c-3}\) \(\Leftrightarrow3bc+7b-5=0\) \(\Rightarrow c=\frac{-7b+5}{3b}\) (1)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(\frac{10}{3}-2b;b-\frac{5}{3}\right)\\\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(c+\frac{4}{3};-2c-\frac{8}{3}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) mà AB=AC
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{10}{3}-2b\right)^2+\left(b-\frac{5}{3}\right)^2=\left(c+\frac{4}{3}\right)^2+\left(2c+\frac{8}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3b^2-10b+3=3c^2+8c\) (2)
Thế (1) vào (2) ta được:
\(9b^4-30b^3+16b^2+30b-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(9b^2-30b+25\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}b=1\\b=-1\\b=\frac{5}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}c=-\frac{2}{3}\\c=-4\\c=-\frac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}C\left(-\frac{2}{3};\frac{1}{3}\right)\\C\left(-4;7\right)\\C\left(-\frac{4}{3};\frac{5}{3}\right)\equiv A\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A\left(-\frac{4}{3};\frac{5}{3}\right)\\C\left(-\frac{2}{3};\frac{1}{3}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) gọi \(D\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AD}=\left(x+\frac{4}{3};y-\frac{5}{3}\right)\\\overrightarrow{CD}=\left(x+\frac{2}{3};y-\frac{1}{3}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\overrightarrow{DA}.\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{AD}.\overrightarrow{CD}=\left(x+\frac{4}{3}\right)\left(x+\frac{2}{3}\right)+\left(y-\frac{5}{3}\right)\left(y-\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(P=x^2+2x+\frac{8}{9}+y^2-2y+\frac{5}{9}\)
\(P=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2-\frac{5}{9}\ge-\frac{5}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=-\frac{5}{9}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) hay \(D\left(-1;1\right)\)
TH2: bạn tự giải, thật ra D luôn là trung điểm AC
Đặt \(\overrightarrow{PB}=x\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{PM}=\overrightarrow{PB}+\overrightarrow{BM}=x.\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{PN}=\overrightarrow{PC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\left(x+1\right)\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(x+1\right)\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
P, M, N thẳng hàng \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}{x}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{3}}\Rightarrow x=1\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{PB}=\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) B là trung điểm PC \(\Rightarrow P\left(-6;5\right)\)
Nếu bạn chưa học bài pt đường thẳng thì làm cách trên, còn học rồi thì đơn giản là thiết lập 2 pt đường thẳng BC và MN là xong