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Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{7^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}\)
Ta có : \(\left(2n+1\right)^2=4n^2+4n+1>4n^2+4n\Leftrightarrow\left(2n+1\right)^2>2n\left(2n+2\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}\)
Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.4}\\\frac{1}{5^2}< \frac{1}{4.6}\\\frac{1}{7^2}< \frac{1}{6.8}\end{cases}}\)
\(...............\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{7^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2.4}+\frac{1}{4.6}+\frac{1}{6.8}+...+\frac{1}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}=B\)
\(=\frac{4-2}{2.4}+\frac{6-4}{4.6}+\frac{8-6}{6.8}+...+\frac{2n+2-2n}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{8}+...+\frac{1}{2n}-\frac{1}{2n+2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2n+2}< \frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< B< \frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}\) hay đpcm
a; A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{4^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{6^2}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{n^2}\))
A = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\))
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\); \(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\); ...; \(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
nên A < \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{4.}\)(1 + \(\dfrac{1}{1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{n-1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(1 + 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(2 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{4n}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
TH1) Với n = 6k
ta có: \(\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)=\left(6k+1\right)\left(12k+1\right)\) không chia hết cho 6
=> Loại
TH2) Với n = 6k+1
ta có: \(\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)=\left(6k+2\right)\left(12k+3\right)⋮6\)
=> \(A=\frac{\left(6k+2\right)\left(12k+3\right)}{6}=\left(3k+1\right)\left(4k+1\right)\)là số chính phương
Lại có: ( 3k + 1 ; 4k + 1 ) = ( 3k + 1 ; k ) = ( 2k + 1 ; k ) = ( k + 1 ; k ) = ( k ; 1 ) = 1
=> 3k + 1 và 4k + 1 đồng thời là 2 số chính phương
+) Với k \(\equiv\)\(1,3,5,7\)(mod 8 ) => 4k + 1 không là số cp
+) Với k \(\equiv\)2; 4; 6 ( mod 8) => 3k + 1 không là số chính phương
=> k \(\equiv\)0 ( mod 8) => k = 8h
=> Tìm h bé nhất để 24h + 1 và 32h + 1 là số chính phương(1)
+) Với h \(\equiv\)\(3,4,6\)( mod7) => 24k + 1 không là số chính phương
+) Với h \(\equiv\)1 (mod 7 ) => 32h + 1 không là số cp
=> h \(\equiv\)0; 2; 5 (mod 7 )
=> h = 7m hoặc h = 7n + 2 hoặc h = 7t + 7 ( với m;n; t nguyên dương )
Nếu m = 1 => h = 7 => 24h + 1 = 169 và 32h + 1 = 225 là hai số chính phương và h nhỏ nhất
=> n = 6k + 1 và k = 8h = 56
=> n = 337
=> A = 38025 là số chính phương
TH3) Với n = 6k + 2
ta có: \(\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)=\left(6k+3\right)\left(12k+5\right)\)không chia hết cho 6
TH4) Với n = 6k + 3
ta có: \(\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)=\left(6k+4\right)\left(12k+7\right)\)không chia hết cho 6
TH5) Với n = 6k + 4
ta có: \(\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)=\left(6k+5\right)\left(12k+9\right)\)không chia hết cho 6
TH6) Với n = 6k + 5
ta có \(\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)=\left(6k+6\right)\left(12k+11\right)⋮6\)
=> \(A=\frac{\left(6k+6\right)\left(12k+11\right)}{6}=\left(k+1\right)\left(12k+11\right)\)
mà ( k + 1; 12k + 11 ) = 1
=> k + 1 và 12k + 11 là 2 số chính phương
tuy nhiên 12k + 11 chia 12 dư 11 mà 1 số chính phương chia 12 không dư 11
=> Trường hợp này loại
Vậy n = 337
Đặt \(T=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(< \frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)n}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{n}< \frac{1}{2}^{\left(đpcm\right)}\) (không chắc nha)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}.\left(\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1}=\frac{1}{1},\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2},\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3},....,\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
=> \(A< \frac{1}{2^2}.\left[1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}.\left(1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}.\left(2-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4.\left(n+1\right)}\)
p/s: bài tớ ko bt đúng ko, nhưng tth bn làm vậy sẽ ko có quy luật, đoạn này
nếu cứ theo quy luật, tiếp tục sẽ ntn:\(\frac{1}{6^2}< \frac{1}{5.6};\frac{1}{8^2}< \frac{1}{6.7};\frac{1}{10^2}< \frac{1}{7.8}\)
Bài 2:
A = (a+b)(1/a+1/b)
Có: \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}\)
=> \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\ge2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}=4\)
=> ĐPCM
1.b)
Pt (1) : 4(n + 1) + 3n - 6 < 19
<=> 4n + 4 + 3n - 6 < 19
<=> 7n - 2 < 19
<=> 7n - 2 - 19 < 0
<=> 7n - 21 < 0
<=> n < 3
Pt (2) : (n - 3)^2 - (n + 4)(n - 4) ≤ 43
<=> n^2 - 6n + 9 - n^2 + 16 ≤ 43
<=> -6n + 25 ≤ 43
<=> -6n ≤ 18
<=> n ≥ -3
Vì n < 3 và n ≥ -3 => -3 ≤ n ≤ 3.
Vậy S = {x ∈ R ; -3 ≤ n ≤ 3}
a. Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}\)< \(\frac{1}{1.3}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}\)< 1/(3.5)
1/(6^2) <1/(5.7)
...
1/(2n)^2 < 1/(2n-1)(2n+1)
=> 1/2^2 +1/4^2 + 1/6^2 +...+1/(2n)^2 < 1/(1.3) +...+1/(2n-1)(2n+1)
=> 2(1/2^2 +1/4^2 + 1/6^2 +...+1/(2n)^2) < (1/1 - 1/3 +1/3 - 1/5 + 1/5 - 1/7 +...+ 1/(2n-1) - 1/(2n+1)
=>2(1/2^2 +1/4^2 + 1/6^2 +...+1/(2n)^2) < 1 - 1/(2n+1) = 2n/(2n+1)
=> 1/2^2 +1/4^2 + 1/6^2 +...+1/(2n)^2 < 2n/(2n+1) . 1/2
Vì 2n/2n+1 < 1 => 2n/(2n+1) . 1/2 < 1/2
=> 1/2^2 +1/4^2 + 1/6^2 +...+1/(2n)^2 <1/2
Câu b tương tự
a; A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{4^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{6^2}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{n^2}\))
A = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\))
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\); \(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\); ...; \(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
nên A < \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\))
< \(\dfrac{1}{4.}\)(1 + \(\dfrac{1}{1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{n-1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
< \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(1 + 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
< \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(2 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
< \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{4n}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
xét \(VT=\frac{2}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2.4}+\frac{1}{4.6}+......+\frac{1}{2n.\left(2n+2\right)}\right)\) (1)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{2.4}+\frac{2}{4.6}+.......+\frac{2}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{6}+.......+\frac{1}{2n}-\frac{1}{2n+2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2n+2}\right)=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2\left(2n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4n+4}\)
mà theo bài ra (1) = \(\frac{502}{2009}\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4n+4}=\frac{502}{2009}\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{4n+4}=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{502}{2009}\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{4n+4}=\frac{1}{8036}\)
<=> 4n+4=8036
<=> 4n=8032
<=> n=2008
=) \(\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{2}{2.4}+\frac{2}{4.6}+...+\frac{2}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}\right)=\frac{502}{2009}\)
=) \(\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2n}-\frac{1}{2n+2}\right)=\frac{502}{2009}\)
=) \(\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2n+2}\right)=\frac{502}{2009}\)
=) \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2n+2}=\frac{502}{2009}:\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1018}{2009}\)
=) \(\frac{1}{2n+2}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1018}{2009}=\frac{-27}{4018}\)
=) \(\frac{-1}{-\left(2n+2\right)}=\frac{-27}{4018}\)
=) \(\frac{-27}{27.-\left(2n+2\right)}=\frac{-27}{4018}\)
=) \(27.-\left(2n+2\right)=4018\)
=) \(-\left(2n+2\right)=4018:27=\frac{4018}{27}\)
=) \(2n+2=\frac{-4018}{27}\)
=) \(2n=\frac{-4018}{27}-2=\frac{-4072}{27}\)
=) \(n=\frac{-4072}{27}:2=\frac{-2036}{27}\)
\(\)