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a) \(M=10x^2+6y+4y^2+4xy+2\)
\(=\left(10x^2+4xy+\dfrac{2}{5}y^2\right)+\left(\dfrac{18}{5}y^2+6y+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(=10\left(x^2+\dfrac{2}{5}xy+\dfrac{1}{25}y^2\right)+\dfrac{18}{5}\left(y^2+\dfrac{5}{3}y+\dfrac{25}{36}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(=10\left(x+\dfrac{1}{5}y\right)^2+\dfrac{18}{5}\left(y+\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{5}y=0\\y+\dfrac{5}{6}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{6}\\y=-\dfrac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(H=-x^2+2xy-4y^2+2x+10y-8\)
\(=-x^2+2x\left(y+1\right)-\left(y^2+2y+1\right)-\left(3y^2-12y+7\right)\)
\(=-x^2+2x\left(y+1\right)-\left(y+1\right)^2-3\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+5\)
\(=-\left(x-y-1\right)^2-3\left(y-2\right)^2+5\le5\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y-1=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(K=2x^2+2xy-2x+2xy+y^2\)
bn xem lại cái đề nhé, sao lại có 2 lần 2xy
\(C=2\left(x-\frac{5}{4}\right)^2+\frac{7}{8}\ge\frac{7}{8}\Rightarrow C_{min}=\frac{7}{8}\)
\(D=\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2+y+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{8083}{4}\)
\(D=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{8083}{4}\ge\frac{8083}{4}\)
\(E=\frac{1}{2}\left(4x^2+y^2+\frac{9}{4}-4xy-6x+3y\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(y^2+y+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{15}{4}\)
\(E=\frac{1}{2}\left(2x-y-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(y+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{15}{4}\ge\frac{15}{4}\)
\(A=-\left(x-2\right)^2+11\le11\)
\(B=-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{9}{4}\le\frac{9}{4}\)
\(C=-\left(x-3y\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2+11\le11\)
a ) \(x^2-x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Ta có : \(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN là \(\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}.\)
\(A=-x^2+6x-10=-\left(x^2-6x+9\right)-1=-\left(x-3\right)^2-1\le-1\)
Vậy GTLN của A là -1 khi x = 3
\(B=-2x^2-4x-10=-2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-8=-2\left(x+1\right)^2-8\le-8\)
Vậy GTLN của B là -8 khi x = -1
\(C=-2x^2+3x-10=-2\left(x^2-\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{9}{16}\right)-\frac{71}{8}=-2\left(x-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2-\frac{71}{8}\le-\frac{71}{8}\)
Vậy GTLN của C là \(-\frac{71}{8}\)khi x = \(\frac{3}{4}\)
\(D=-x^2-y^2+2x-4y-10\)
\(D=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-5\)
\(D=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y+2\right)^2-5\le-5\)
Vậy GTLN của D là -5 khi x = 1; y = -2
\(C=-3x\left(3+x\right)-7=-9x-3x^2-7=-\left(3x^2+9x+7\right)=-3\left(x^2+3x+\frac{7}{3}\right)\)
=\(-3\left(x^2+2.\frac{3}{2}.x+\frac{9}{4}+\frac{1}{12}\right)=-3\left[\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{12}\right]=-3\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\le-\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=-3/2
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\(D=2xy-x^2-4y^2-8+2x+10y\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2xy-2x+4y^2-10y+8\right)\)
\(=-\left[x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+4y^2-10y+8\right]\)
\(=-\left[x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+3y^2-8y+7\right]\)
\(=-\left[x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2+3\left(y^2-2.\frac{4}{3}.y+\frac{16}{9}\right)+\frac{5}{3}\right]\)
\(=-\left[\left(x+y-1\right)^2+3\left(y-\frac{4}{3}\right)^2+\frac{5}{3}\right]\)
\(=-\left(x+y-1\right)^2-3\left(y-\frac{4}{3}\right)^2-\frac{5}{3}\le-\frac{5}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=-1/3 và y=4/3